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Publications

Some important references on Cambrian stratigraphy and palaeontology

This list emphasizes papers important for chronostratigraphy in the Cambrian System. It is not a complete list. Readers are encouraged to add other papers, including their own, to the list by contacting the Chair of the Web Page Task Group.

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Ahlberg, P., 2003, Trilobites and international tie points in the Upper Cambrian of Scandinavia. Geologica Acta 1: 127-34.

Ahlberg, P. and Ahlgren, J., 1996, Agnostids from the Upper Cambrian of Västergötland, Sweden. Geologiska Forenigens Forhandlingar 118: 129–40.

Ahlberg, P., Axheimer, N., Eriksson, M., and Terfelt, F., 2004, Agnostoids and intercontinental tie points in the middle and upper Cambrian of Scandinavian. GFF 126: 108.

Ahlberg, P., Axheimer, N., Babcock, L.E., Eriksson, M.E., Schmitz, B. and Terfelt F., 2009, Cambrian high-resolution biostratigraphy and carbon isotope chemostratigraphy in Scania, Sweden: first record of the SPICE and DICE excursions in Scandinavia. Lethaia 42: 2–16.

Ahlberg, P., and Terfelt, F., 2012. Furongian (Cambrian) agnostoids of Scandinavia and their implications for intercontinental correlation. Geological Magazine 149: 1001-1012.

Ahn, S. Y., and Babcock, L. E. 2012. Microorganism-mediated preservation of Planolites, a common trace fossil from the Harkless Formation, Cambrian of Nevada, USA. Sedimentary Geology 263-264: 30-35.

Ahn, S. Y., Babcock, L. E., and Hollingsworth, J. S. 2011. Revised stratigraphic nomenclature for parts of the Ediacaran-Cambrian Series 2 succession in the southern Great Basin, USA. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 42, 105-114.

Álvaro, J. J., Ahlberg, P., Babcock, L. E., Bordonaro, O. L., Choi, D. K., Cooper, R. A., Ergaliev, G. Kh., Gapp, I. W., Pour, M. G., Hughes, N. C., Jago, J. B., Korovnikov, I., Laurie, J. R., Lieberman, B. S., Paterson, J. R., Pegel, T. V., Popov, L. E., Rushton, A. W. A., Sukhov, S. S., Tortello, M. F., Zhou, Z. Y., Żylińska, a.. In press. Global Cambrian trilobite palaeobiogeography assessed using parsimony analysis of endemicity. In D. A. Harper, ed., Early Palaeozoic Palaeobiogeography and Palaeogeography. Geological Society of London.

Álvaro, J. J., and Vizcaïno, D., 2003, The conocoryphid biofacies, a benthic assemblage of normal-eyed and blind trilobites. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 70: 127–40.

Amthor, J. E., Grotzinger, J. P., Schröder, S., Bowring, S. A., Ramezani, J, Martin, M. W., and Matter, A., 2003, Extinction of Cloudina and Namacalathus at the Precambrian boundary in Oman. Geology 31: 431–4.

Apollonov, M. K., Bekteleuov, A. K., Kirschvink, J. L., Ripperdan, R. L., Tursunov, B. N., and Tynbaev, K. L., 1992, Paleomagnetic scale of Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician in Batyrbai section (Lesser Karatau, southern Kazakhstan). Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Kazakhskoy SSR, Seriya Geologicheskaya 4 (326): 51–7. [In Russian]

Astashkin, V. A., Pegel, T., Shabanov, Yu. Ya., Sukhov S. S., Sundukov, V. M., Repina, L. N, Rozanov A. Yu., and Zhuravlev, A. Yu., 1991. The Cambrian System of the Siberian Platform. IUGS Publication 27: 1-133.

Astashkin, V. A., Varlamov, A. I., Esakova, N V., Zhuravlev A. Yu., Repina, L. N., Rozanov, A. Yu., Fedorov, A. V., Shabanov, Yu. Ya., 1990, Guide on Aldan and Lena Rivers, Siberian Platform. Third International Symposium on Cambrian System. Novosibirsk: Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of USSR, 115 pp. [In Russian]

Axheimer, N., Eriksson, M. E., Ahlberg, P., and Bengtsson, A., 2006, The middle Cambrian cosmopolitan key species Lejopyge laevigata and its biozone: new data from Sweden. Geological Magazine 143: 447–55.

Babcock, L. E., 1994a, Systematics and phylogenetics of polymeroid trilobites from the Henson Gletscher and Kap Stanton formations (Middle Cambrian), North Greenland. Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Bulletin, 169: 79–127.

Babcock, L. E., 1994b, Biogeography and biofacies patterns of Middle Cambrian polymeroid trilobites from North Greenland: palaeogeographic and palaeo-oceanographic implications. Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Bulletin, 169: 129–147.

Babcock, L. E., 2003, Trilobites in Paleozoic predator-prey systems, and their role in reorganization of early Paleozoic ecosystems. In P. A. Kelley, M. Kowalewski, M., and T. A. Hansen, eds., Predator-Prey Interactions in the Fossil Record. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 55–92.

Babcock, L. E., 2005, Interpretation of biological and environmental changes across the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian boundary: developing a refined understanding of the radiation and preservational record of early multicellular organisms. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 220: 1–5.

Babcock, L. E., and Ciampaglio, C. N., 2007, Frondose fossil from the Conasauga Formation (Cambrian: Drumian Stage) of Georgia, USA. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 34: 555–62.

Babcock, L. E., and Peel, J. S., 2007, Palaeobiology, taphonomy and stratigraphic significance of the trilobite Buenellus from the Sirius Passet Biota, Cambrian of North Greenland. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 34: 401–18.

Babcock, L. E., and Peng, S. C., 2007, Cambrian chronostratigraphy: current state and future plans. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 254: 62–6.

Babcock, L. E., Peng, S. C., and Ellwood, B. B., 2009. Progress toward completion of a Cambrian chronostratigraphic scale. In G. Kh. Ergaliev, O. I. Nikitina, V. G. Zhemchuzhnikov, L. E. Popov, and M. G. Basset, eds., Stratigraphy, Fossils and Progress of International Stratigraphic Scale of Cambrian System. Materials of the 14th International Field Conference of Excursion of the Cambrian Stage Subdivision Working Group. Almaty, Kazakhstan: Gylym, pp. 7–8.

Babcock, L. E, Peng, S. C., Geyer, G., and Shergold, J. H., 2005, Changing perspectives on Cambrian chronostratigraphy and progress toward subdivision of the Cambrian System. Geoscience Journal 9: 101–6.

Babcock L. E., Peng, S. C., Wasserman, G. J., and Robison, R. A. 2011. Exceptionally preserved biota from a carbonate lithofacies, Huaqiao Formation (Cambrian), Hunan, China. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 41: 137-151.

Babcock, L. E., Rees, M. N., Robison, R. A., Langenburg, E. S., and Peng, S. C., 2004, Potential Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point (GSSP) for a Cambrian stage boundary defined by the first appearance of the trilobite Ptychagnostus atavus, Drum Mountains, Utah, USA. Geobios 37: 149–58.

Babcock, L. E., Robison, R. A., and Peng, S. C., 2011, Cambrian stage and series nomenclature of Laurentia and the developing global chronostratigraphic scale. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 67: 12-26.

Babcock, L. E., Robison, R. A., Rees, M. N., Peng, S. C. and Saltzman, M. R., 2007, The Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Drumian Stage (Cambrian) in the Drum Mountains, Utah, USA. Episodes 30: 85-95.

Babcock, L. E., Zhao, Y. L., Peng, J., and Yang, X. L. 2012. A new Cambrian arthropod, Leanchoilia robisoni, from the Kaili Lagerstätte, Guizhou, China. Journal of Guizhou University (Natural Science) 29, Supplement 1: 10-15.

Babcock, L. E., Zhang, W. T., and Leslie, S. A., 2001, The Chengjiang Biota: record of the Early Cambrian diversification of life and clues to exceptional preservation. GSA Today 11(2): 4–9.

Bartley, J. K., Pope, M., Knoll, A. H., Semikhatov, M. A., and Petrov, P. Y., 1998, A Vendian-Cambrian Boundary succession from the northwestern margin of the Siberian Platform: stratigraphy, paleontology, and correlation. Geological Magazine 135: 473–94.

Bassett, M., 1985, Towards a “common language” in stratigraphy. Episodes 8: 87–92.

Bengtson, S., 1976, The structure of some Middle Cambrian conodonts, and the early evolution of conodont structure and fuction. Lethaia 9: 185–206.

Bengtson, S., 1994, The advent of animal skeletons. In S. Bengtson, ed., Early Life on Earth. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 412–25.

Bengtson, S., Conway Morris, S., Cooper, B. J., Jell, P. A., and Runnegar, B. N., 1990, Early Cambrian Fossils from South Australia. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 9: 1–364.

Blaker, M. R., and Peel, J. S. 1997，Lower Cambrian trilobites from North Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland Geoscience 35：1–145.

Bottjer, D. J., Hagadorn, J. W., and Dornbos, S. Q., 2000, The Cambrian substrate revolution. GSA Today 10(9): 1–7.

Bowring S. A., and Schmitz, M. D., 2003, High-precision U-Pb zircon geochronology and the stratigraphic record. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geolchemistry 53: 305–26.

Bowring, S. A., Grotzinger, J. P., Condon, D. J., Ramezani, J, Newall, M. J., and Allen, P. A., 2007, Geochronologic constraints on the chronostratigraphic framework of the Neoproterozoic Huqf Supergroup, Sultanate of Oman. American Journal of Science 307: 1097–145.

Bowring, S. A., Grotzinger, J. P., Isachsen, C. E., Knoll, A. H., Pelechaty, S. M., Kolosov, P., 1993, Calibrating rates of Early Cambrian evolution. Science 261: 1293–8.

Brasier, M. D., 1979, The Cambrian radiation event. In M. R. House, ed., The Origin of Major Invertebrate Groups, Systematics Association Special Volume, 12. London and New York: Academic Press, pp. 103–59.

Brasier, M. D., 1982, Sea-level changes, facies changes and the late Precambrian–early Cambrian evolutionary explosion. Precambrian Research 17: 105–23.

Brasier, M. D., 1984, Microfossils and small shelly fossils from the Lower Cambrian Hyolithes Limestone at Nuneaton, English Midlands. Geological Magazine 121: 229–53.

Brasier, M. D., 1992a, Paleoceanography and changes in the biological cycling of phosphorus across the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary. In J. H. Lipps and P. W. Signor, eds., Origin and Early Evolution of the Metazoa. New York: Plenum Press, pp. 483–523.

Brasier, M. D., 1992b, Nutrient-enriched waters and the early skeletal fossil record. Journal of the Geological Society of London 149: 621–9.

Brasier, M. D., 1993, Towards a carbon isotope stratigraphy of the Cambrian System: potential of the Great Basin succession. In E. A. Hailwood and R. B. Kidd, eds., High Resolution Stratigraphy. Geological Society of London Special Publication, Vol. 70. London: Geological Society, pp. 341–50.

Brasier, M. D., 1995a, Fossil indicators of nutrient levels. 1: Eutrophication and climate change. In D. W. J. Bosence and P. A. Allison, eds., Marine Palaeoenvironmental Analysis from Fossils. Geological Society of London Special Publication, Vol. 83. London: Geological Society, pp. 113–32.

Brasier, M. D., 1995b, Fossil indicators of nutrient levels. 2: Evolution and extinction in relation to oligotrophy. In D. W. J. Bosence and P. A. Allison, eds., Marine Palaeoenvironmental Analysis from Fossils. Geological Society of London Special Publication, Vol. 83. London: Geological Society, pp. 133–50.

Brasier, M. D., 1995c, The basal Cambrian transition and Cambrian bio-events (from terminal Proterozoic extinctions to Cambrian biomeres). In O. H. Walliser, ed., Global Events and Event Stratigraphy in the Phanerozoic. Berlin: Springer, pp. 113–8.

Brasier, M. D., Shields, G., Kuleshov, V. N., and Zhegallo, L. A., 1996, Integrated chemo- and biostratigraphic calibration of early animal evolution of southwest Mongolia. Geological Magazine 133: 445–85.

Brasier, M. D. and Sukhov, S. S., 1998, The falling amplitude of carbon isotopic oscillations through the Lower to Middle Cambrian: northern Siberia data. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 35: 353–73.

Brasier, M., Cowie, J., and Taylor, M., 1994, Decision on the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary stratotype. Episodes 17: 3–8.

Briggs, D. E. G., Erwin, D. H., and Collier, F. J., 1994, The Fossils of the Burgess Shale. Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Brøgger, W.C., 1878, Om Paradoxidesskifrene ved Krekling. Nyt Magazin Naturvidenskap 24, 18–88.

Brøgger, W.C., 1882, Die silurischen Etagen 2 und 3 im Kristianiagebiet und auf Eker, ihre Gliederung, Fossilien, Schichtenstörungen und Kontactmetamorfosen. Kristiania: Universitäts-Programm 32, 376 pp.

Brøgger, W.C., 1886, Om alderen af Olenelluszone i Nordamerika. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar 8: 182-213.

Budd , G. E., 1997, Stem group arthropods from the Lower Cambrian Sirius Passet fauna of North Greenland. In R. A. Fortey, and R. H. Thomas, eds., Arthropod Relationships. Systematics Association Special Volume Series 55, pp. 125–38.

Budd , G. E., and Peel , J. S., 1998, A new xenusiid lobopod from the Early Cambrian Sirius Passet fauna of North Greenland. Palaeontology 41: 1201–13.

Buggisch,W., Keller, M., and Lehnert, O., 2003, Carbon isotope record of Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician carbonates of Argentine Precordillera. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 195: 357–73.

Calner, M., Ahlberg, P., Lehnert, O., and Erlström, M. (eds.). 2013. The Lower Palaeozoic of southern Sweden and the Oslo region, Norway. Sveriges geologiska undersökning, Rapporter och meddelanden 133, 96 pp.

Cederström, P., Ahlberg, P., Babcock, L. E., Ahlgren, J., Høyberget, and Nilsson, C. H. 2012. Morphology, ontogeny and distribution of the Cambrian Series 2 ellipsocephalid trilobite Strenuaeva spinosa from Scandinavia. GFF 134: 157-171.

Chang, W. T., 1989, World Cambrian biogeography. In Chinese Academy of Sciences, Developments in Geoscience. Beijing: Science Press, pp. 209–20.

Chang, W. T., 1998, Cambrian biogeography of the Perigondwana Faunal Realm. Revista Española de Paleontología, no. extr. Homenaje al Prof. Gonzalo Vidal, pp. 35–49.

Chatterton, B. D. E., and Ludvigsen, R., 1998, Upper Steptoean (Upper Cambrian) trilobites from the McKay Group of southeastern British Columbia, Canada. Paleontological Society Memoir 49. Journal of Paleontology, 72(2)(Supplement): 1–43.

Chen, J. Y., Zhou, G. Q., Zhu, M. Y., and Yeh, K. Y., 1996, The Chengjiang Biota, a Unique Window of the Cambrian Explosion. Taichun: National Museum of Natural Sciences, 222 pp. [In Chinese]

Chernysheva, N. E., 1961, Stratigraphy of the Cambrian of the Aldan Anteclise and the palaeontological basis for separation of the Amgan Stage. Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Nauchno-Issledobatelskogo Geologicheskogo Instituta (VSEGEI), new series, 49: 1–347.

Chernysheva, N. E., 1961, 1967, Stratigraphical section of Mayan Stage of Middle Cambrian. Bulletin of Science and Technology information, ONTI VIEMS, Series: Geology, Ore Deposits, Useful Mineral, and Regional Geology 7: 38–42. [In Russian]

Choi, D. K., 2004, Stop 12, Machari Formation at the Gonggiri section. In D. K. Choi, S. K. Chough, W. R. Fitches, Y. K. Kwon, S. B. Lee, I. Kang, J. Woo, Y. J. Shinn, H. S. Lee, and J. W. Sohn, eds., 2004. Korea, 2004, Cambrian in the Land of Morning Calm. Seoul: Seoul National University, pp. 51–6.

Cloud, P. E., 1968, Pre-metazoan evolution and the origins of the Metazoa. In E. T. Drake, ed., Evolution and Environment. New Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 1–72.

Conway Morris, S., 1977, Fossil priapulid worms. Special Papers in Palaeontology 20.

Conway Morris, S., 1985, Cambrian Lagerstätten: their distribution and significance. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (London) B 311: 49–65.

Conway Morris, S., 1993, Ediacaran fossils in Cambrian Burgess Shale-type faunas of North America. Palaeontology 36: 539–635.

Conway Morris, S., 1998, The Crucible of Creation. The Burgess Shale and the Rise of Animals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Conway Morris, S., and Peel, J. S., 1990, Articulated halkieriids from the Lower Cambrian of North Greenland. Nature 345: 802–5.

Conway Morris, S., Peel, J. S., Higgins, A. K., Soper, N. J., and Davis, N. C., 1987, A Burgess Shale-like fauna from the Lower Cambrian of Greenland. Nature 326: 181–3.

Cooper, R. A., and Nowlan, G. S., 1999, Proposed global stratotype section and point for base of the Ordovician System. Acta Universitatis Carolinae Geologica 43: 61–4.

Cooper, R. A., Nowlan, G. S., and Williams, H. S., 2001, Global Stratotype Section and Point for base of the Ordovician System. Episodes 24(1): 19–28.

Corsetti, F. A., and Hagadorn, J. W., 2001, The Precambrian-Cambrian transition in the southern Great Basin, USA. The Sedimentary Record 1(1): 4–8.

Cowie, J. W., 1971, Lower Cambrian faunal provinces. In F. A. Middlemiss, P. F. Rawson, and G. Newall, eds., Faunal Provinces in Space and Time. Geological Journal Special Issue 4: 31–46.

Cowie, J. W., 1978, I.U.G.S./I.G.C.P. Project 29, Precambrian-Cambrian Boundary Working Group in Cambridge, 1978. Geological Magazine 115: 151–2.

Cowie, J. W., 1985, Continuing work on the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary. Episodes, 8(2): 93–7.

Cowie, J. W., Rushton, A. W. A., and Stubblefield, C. J., 1972, A correlation of Cambrian rocks in the British Isles. Geological Society of London, Special Reports 2: 1–42.

Cowie, J. W., Ziegler, W., and Remane, J., 1989, Stratigraphic Commission accelerates progress, 1984-1989. Episodes 12(2): 79-83.

Daily, B. and Jago, J. B., 1975, The trilobite Leiopyge Hawle and Corda and the Middle–Upper Cambrian boundary. Palaeontology 18: 527–50.

Davidek, K., Landing, E., Bowring, S. A., Westrop, S. R., Rushton, A. W. A., Fortey, R. A., and Adrain, J. M., 1998, New uppermost Cambrian U–Pb date from Avalonian Wales and age of the Cambrian–Ordovician boundary. Geological Magazine 135: 305–9.

Debrenne, F., 1992, Diversification of Archaeocyatha. In: J. H. Lipps and P. W. Signor, eds., Origin and Early Evolution of the Metazoa. New York: Plenum Press, pp. 425–43.

Debrenne, F., and Rozanov, A. Yu., 1983, Paleogeographic and stratigraphic distribution of regular Archaeocyatha (Lower Cambrian fossils). Geobios 16(6): 727–36.

Demidenko,Yu. E., 2001, Small shelly fossils. In: E. M. Alexander, J. B. Jago, A. Yu. Rozanov, and A. Yu. Zhuravlev, eds., The Cambrian Biostratigraphy of the Stansbury Basin, South Australia. Transactions of the Palaeontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences 282: 85–117.

Demidenko ,Yu. E., Jago, J. B., Lin, T. R., Parkhaev, P., Rozanov, A. Yu., Ushatinskaya, G. T., Zang, W. L., and Zhuravlev, A. Yu., 2001, Conclusions. In: E. M. Alexander, J. B. Jago, A.Yu. Rozanov, and A.Yu. Zhuravlev, eds., The Cambrian Biostratigraphy of the Stansbury Basin, South Australia. Transactions of the Palaeontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences 282: 66–73.

Derry, L. A., Brasier, M. D., Corfield, R. M., Rozanov, A. Yu., and Zhuravlev, A. Yu., 1994, Sr and C isotopes in Lower Cambrian carbonates from the Siberian craton: a paleoenvironmental record during the “Cambrian explosion.” Earth and Planetary Science Letters 128: 671–81.

Dong, X. P,. and Bergström, S. M., 2001a, Middle and Upper Cambrian protoconodonts and paraconodonts from Hunan, South China. Palaeontology 44: 949–85.

Dong, X. P,. and Bergström, S. M., 2001b, Stratigraphic significance of Middle and Upper Cambrian protoconodonts and paraconodonts from Hunan, South China. Palaeoword 13: 307-9.

Dong, X. P., Repetski, J. E., and Bergström, S. M., 2001, A conodont biozonation for the Middle Cambrian through lowermost Ordovician in Hunan, South China. Palaeoword 13: 252–5.

Droser, M. L., and Bottjer, D. J., 1988, Trends in depth and extent of bioturbation in Cambrian carbonate marine environments, western United States. Geology 16: 233–6.

Dubinina, S. V., 2009, Proposed new terminal stage of the Cambrian System in Kazakhstan. In G. Kh. Ergaliev, O. I. Nikitina, V. G. Zhemchuzhnikov, L. E. Popov, and M. G. Basset, eds., Stratigraphy, Fossils and Progress of International Stratigraphic Scale of Cambrian System. Materials of the 14th International Field Conference of Excursion of the Cambrian Stage Subdivision Working Group. Almaty, Kazakhstan: Gylym, pp. 18–9.

Ebneth, S., Shields, G. A., Veizer, J., Miller, J. F., and Shergold, J. H., 2001, High resolution strontium isotope stratigraphy across the Cambrian–Ordovician transition. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 65: 2273–2292.

Eddy, J. D., and McCollum, L. B., 1998, Early Middle Cambrian Albertella Biozone Trilobites of the Pioche Shale, Southeastern Nevada. Journal of Paleontology 72: 864–87.

Egorova, L. I., Shabanov, Yu.Ya., Rozanov, A.Yu., Savitsky, V.E., Chernysheva, N. E., and Shishkin, B.B., 1976, Elansk and Kuonamsk facies stratotypes in the lower part of the Middle Cambrian of Siberia. Sibirskogo Nauchno-issledovatel’skogo Instituta Geologii, Geofiziki i Mineral’nogo Syr’ya, Seriya Paleontologiya i Stratigrafiya 211: 1–167. [In Russian]

Egorova, L. I., Shabanov, Yu. Ya., Pegel, T. V., Savitsky, V. E., Sukhov, S. S., and Chernysheva, N. E., 1982, Type section of the Mayan Stage (Middle Cambrian of the southeastern Siberian Platform. Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Ministry of Geology of the USSR, Interdepartmental Stratigraphic Committee of the USSR, Transactions 8: 1–146. [In Russian]

Encarnación, J., Rowell, A. J., and Grunow, A. M., 1999, A U–Pb age for the Cambrian Taylor Formation, Antarctica: implications for the Cambrian time scale. Journal of Geology 107: 497–504.

Ergaliev, G. Kh., 1980, Middle and Upper Cambrian trilobites from Malyi Karatau. Alma-Ata: Akademiya Nauk Kazakhskoi SSR, 211 pp. [In Russian]

Ergaliev, G. Kh., 1981, Upper Cambrian biostratigraphy of the Kyrshabakty section, Malyi Karatau, southern Kazakhstan. In M. E. Taylor, ed., Short Papers for the Second International Symposium on the Cambrian System. U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 81–743, p. 82-8.

Ergaliev, G. Kh., 1992, On palaeogeography of Karatau (southern Kazakhstan) in Middle Cambrian to Early Ordovician. Proceedings of Academy of Sciences, Republic of Kazakhstan, Series Geology 6: 51–6.

Ergaliev, G. Kh., and Ergaliev, F. G., 2004. Stages and zones of the Middle and Upper portions of Cambrian of Malyi Karatau for the Project of International Stratigraphic Chart. In S. Zh. Daukeev, ed., Geology of Kazakhstan, Almaty: Kazakhstan Geological Society, pp. 36–5. [In Russian]

Ergaliev, G. Kh., and Ergaliev, F. G., 2008, Middle and Upper Cambrian Agnostida of the Aksai National Geological Reserve, South Kazakhstan (Kyrshabakty River, Malyi Karatau Range), part 1. Almaty: Gylym Press, 376 pp.

Fletcher, T. P., 2003, Ovatoryctocara granulata: the key to a global Cambrian stage boundary and the correlation of the olenellid, redlichiid and paradoxidid realms. Special Papers in Palaeontology 70: 73–102.

Fletcher , T. P., 2006. Bedrock Geology of the Cape St. Mary’s Peninsula, Southwest Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland (includes parts of NTS map sheets 1M/1, 1N/4, 1L/6 and 1K/13). Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, St. John’s, Report 06-02, 117 pp.

Fletcher, T. P., 2007, The base of Cambrian Series 3: the global significance of key oryctocephalid trilobite sanges in the Kaili Formation of South China. Memoir of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 33: 29–33.

Fortey, R. A., Briggs, D. E. G., and Wills, M. A., 1996, The Cambrian evolutionary ‘explosion’: decoupling cladogenesis from morphological disparity. Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society 57: 13–33.

Friedman, G.M., 2002, Highest Phanerozoic strontium isotopic ratios of pre-rift Late Cambrian passive margin in New York State, USA: products of continental weathering and orogenesis. Sedimentary Geology 147: 143–153.

Fritz, W. H., 1992, Walcott’s Lower Cambrian olenellid trilobite collection 61K, Mount Robson area, Canadian Rocky Mountains. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 432:1–65.

Gallet, Y., Pavlov, V., and Courtillot, V., 2003, Magnetic reversal frequency and apparent polar wander of the Siberian platform in the earliest Palaeozoic, inferred from the Khorbusuonka River section (northeastern Siberia). Geophysical Journal International 154: 829–40.

Gámez Vintaned, J. A., Liñán, E., Mayoral, E., Dies, M. E., Gozalo, R. & Muñiz, F. 2006. Trace and soft body fossils from the Pedroche Formation (Ovetian, Lower Cambrian of Sierra de Córdoba, S Spain) and their relation to the Pedroche event. Geobios 39, 443–468. doi: 10.1016/j.geobios.2005.04.004.

Gehling, J. G., 1999, Microbial mats in Proterozoic siliciclastics: Ediacaran death masks. Palaios 14: 40–57.

Gehling, J. G., Jensen, S., Droser, M. L., Myrow, P. M., Narbonne, G. M., 2001, Burrowing below the basal Cambrian GSSP, Fortune Head, Newfoundland. Geological Magazine 138: 213–8.

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