Publications

Some important references on Cambrian stratigraphy and palaeontology

This list emphasizes papers important for chronostratigraphy in the Cambrian System. It is not a complete list. Readers are encouraged to add other papers, including their own, to the list by contacting the Chair of the Web Page Task Group.

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Ahlberg, P., 2003, Trilobites and international tie points in the Upper Cambrian of Scandinavia. Geologica Acta 1: 127-34.

Ahlberg, P. and Ahlgren, J., 1996, Agnostids from the Upper Cambrian of Västergötland, Sweden. Geologiska Forenigens Forhandlingar 118: 129–40.

Ahlberg, P., Axheimer, N., Eriksson, M., and Terfelt, F., 2004, Agnostoids and intercontinental tie points in the middle and upper Cambrian of Scandinavian. GFF 126: 108.

Ahlberg, P., Axheimer, N., Babcock, L.E., Eriksson, M.E., Schmitz, B. and Terfelt F., 2009, Cambrian high-resolution biostratigraphy and carbon isotope chemostratigraphy in Scania, Sweden: first record of the SPICE and DICE excursions in Scandinavia. Lethaia 42: 2–16.

Ahlberg, P., and Terfelt, F., 2012. Furongian (Cambrian) agnostoids of Scandinavia and their implications for intercontinental correlation. Geological Magazine 149: 1001-1012.

Ahn, S. Y., and Babcock, L. E. 2012. Microorganism-mediated preservation of Planolites, a common trace fossil from the Harkless Formation, Cambrian of Nevada, USA. Sedimentary Geology 263-264: 30-35.

Ahn, S. Y., Babcock, L. E., and Hollingsworth, J. S. 2011. Revised stratigraphic nomenclature for parts of the Ediacaran-Cambrian Series 2 succession in the southern Great Basin, USA. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 42, 105-114.

Álvaro, J. J., Ahlberg, P., Babcock, L. E., Bordonaro, O. L., Choi, D. K., Cooper, R. A., Ergaliev, G. Kh., Gapp, I. W., Pour, M. G., Hughes, N. C., Jago, J. B., Korovnikov, I., Laurie, J. R., Lieberman, B. S., Paterson, J. R., Pegel, T. V., Popov, L. E., Rushton, A. W. A., Sukhov, S. S., Tortello, M. F., Zhou, Z. Y., Żylińska, a.. In press. Global Cambrian trilobite palaeobiogeography assessed using parsimony analysis of endemicity. In D. A. Harper, ed., Early Palaeozoic Palaeobiogeography and Palaeogeography. Geological Society of London.

Álvaro, J. J., and Vizcaïno, D., 2003, The conocoryphid biofacies, a benthic assemblage of normal-eyed and blind trilobites. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 70: 127–40.

Amthor, J. E., Grotzinger, J. P., Schröder, S., Bowring, S. A., Ramezani, J, Martin, M. W., and Matter, A., 2003, Extinction of Cloudina and Namacalathus at the Precambrian boundary in Oman. Geology 31: 431–4.

Apollonov, M. K., Bekteleuov, A. K., Kirschvink, J. L., Ripperdan, R. L., Tursunov, B. N., and Tynbaev, K. L., 1992, Paleomagnetic scale of Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician in Batyrbai section (Lesser Karatau, southern Kazakhstan). Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Kazakhskoy SSR, Seriya Geologicheskaya 4 (326): 51–7. [In Russian]

Astashkin, V. A., Pegel, T., Shabanov, Yu. Ya., Sukhov S. S., Sundukov, V. M., Repina, L. N, Rozanov A. Yu., and Zhuravlev, A. Yu., 1991. The Cambrian System of the Siberian Platform. IUGS Publication 27: 1-133.

Astashkin, V. A., Varlamov, A. I., Esakova, N V., Zhuravlev A. Yu., Repina, L. N., Rozanov, A. Yu., Fedorov, A. V., Shabanov, Yu. Ya., 1990, Guide on Aldan and Lena Rivers, Siberian Platform. Third International Symposium on Cambrian System. Novosibirsk: Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of USSR, 115 pp. [In Russian]

Axheimer, N., Eriksson, M. E., Ahlberg, P., and Bengtsson, A., 2006, The middle Cambrian cosmopolitan key species Lejopyge laevigata and its biozone: new data from Sweden. Geological Magazine 143: 447–55.

Babcock, L. E., 1994a, Systematics and phylogenetics of polymeroid trilobites from the Henson Gletscher and Kap Stanton formations (Middle Cambrian), North Greenland. Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Bulletin, 169: 79–127.

Babcock, L. E., 1994b, Biogeography and biofacies patterns of Middle Cambrian polymeroid trilobites from North Greenland: palaeogeographic and palaeo-oceanographic implications. Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Bulletin, 169: 129–147.

Babcock, L. E., 2003, Trilobites in Paleozoic predator-prey systems, and their role in reorganization of early Paleozoic ecosystems. In P. A. Kelley, M. Kowalewski, M., and T. A. Hansen, eds., Predator-Prey Interactions in the Fossil Record. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 55–92.

Babcock, L. E., 2005, Interpretation of biological and environmental changes across the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian boundary: developing a refined understanding of the radiation and preservational record of early multicellular organisms. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 220: 1–5.

Babcock, L. E., and Ciampaglio, C. N., 2007, Frondose fossil from the Conasauga Formation (Cambrian: Drumian Stage) of Georgia, USA. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 34: 555–62.

Babcock, L. E., and Peel, J. S., 2007, Palaeobiology, taphonomy and stratigraphic significance of the trilobite Buenellus from the Sirius Passet Biota, Cambrian of North Greenland. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 34: 401–18.

Babcock, L. E., and Peng, S. C., 2007, Cambrian chronostratigraphy: current state and future plans. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 254: 62–6.

Babcock, L. E., Peng, S. C., and Ellwood, B. B., 2009. Progress toward completion of a Cambrian chronostratigraphic scale. In G. Kh. Ergaliev, O. I. Nikitina, V. G. Zhemchuzhnikov, L. E. Popov, and M. G. Basset, eds., Stratigraphy, Fossils and Progress of International Stratigraphic Scale of Cambrian System. Materials of the 14th International Field Conference of Excursion of the Cambrian Stage Subdivision Working Group. Almaty, Kazakhstan: Gylym, pp. 7–8.

Babcock, L. E, Peng, S. C., Geyer, G., and Shergold, J. H., 2005, Changing perspectives on Cambrian chronostratigraphy and progress toward subdivision of the Cambrian System. Geoscience Journal 9: 101–6.

Babcock L. E., Peng, S. C., Wasserman, G. J., and Robison, R. A. 2011. Exceptionally preserved biota from a carbonate lithofacies, Huaqiao Formation (Cambrian), Hunan, China. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 41: 137-151.

Babcock, L. E., Rees, M. N., Robison, R. A., Langenburg, E. S., and Peng, S. C., 2004, Potential Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point (GSSP) for a Cambrian stage boundary defined by the first appearance of the trilobite Ptychagnostus atavus, Drum Mountains, Utah, USA. Geobios 37: 149–58.

Babcock, L. E., Robison, R. A., and Peng, S. C., 2011, Cambrian stage and series nomenclature of Laurentia and the developing global chronostratigraphic scale. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 67: 12-26.

Babcock, L. E., Robison, R. A., Rees, M. N., Peng, S. C. and Saltzman, M. R., 2007, The Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Drumian Stage (Cambrian) in the Drum Mountains, Utah, USA. Episodes 30: 85-95.

Babcock, L. E., Zhao, Y. L., Peng, J., and Yang, X. L. 2012. A new Cambrian arthropod, Leanchoilia robisoni, from the Kaili Lagerstätte, Guizhou, China. Journal of Guizhou University (Natural Science) 29, Supplement 1: 10-15.

Babcock, L. E., Zhang, W. T., and Leslie, S. A., 2001, The Chengjiang Biota: record of the Early Cambrian diversification of life and clues to exceptional preservation. GSA Today 11(2): 4–9.

Bartley, J. K., Pope, M., Knoll, A. H., Semikhatov, M. A., and Petrov, P. Y., 1998, A Vendian-Cambrian Boundary succession from the northwestern margin of the Siberian Platform: stratigraphy, paleontology, and correlation. Geological Magazine 135: 473–94.

Bassett, M., 1985, Towards a “common language” in stratigraphy. Episodes 8: 87–92.

Bengtson, S., 1976, The structure of some Middle Cambrian conodonts, and the early evolution of conodont structure and fuction. Lethaia 9: 185–206.

Bengtson, S., 1994, The advent of animal skeletons. In S. Bengtson, ed., Early Life on Earth. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 412–25.

Bengtson, S., Conway Morris, S., Cooper, B. J., Jell, P. A., and Runnegar, B. N., 1990, Early Cambrian Fossils from South Australia. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 9: 1–364.

Blaker, M. R., and Peel, J. S. 1997,Lower Cambrian trilobites from North Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland Geoscience 35:1–145.

Bottjer, D. J., Hagadorn, J. W., and Dornbos, S. Q., 2000, The Cambrian substrate revolution. GSA Today 10(9): 1–7.

Bowring S. A., and Schmitz, M. D., 2003, High-precision U-Pb zircon geochronology and the stratigraphic record. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geolchemistry 53: 305–26.

Bowring, S. A., Grotzinger, J. P., Condon, D. J., Ramezani, J, Newall, M. J., and Allen, P. A., 2007, Geochronologic constraints on the chronostratigraphic framework of the Neoproterozoic Huqf Supergroup, Sultanate of Oman. American Journal of Science 307: 1097–145.

Bowring, S. A., Grotzinger, J. P., Isachsen, C. E., Knoll, A. H., Pelechaty, S. M., Kolosov, P., 1993, Calibrating rates of Early Cambrian evolution. Science 261: 1293–8.

Brasier, M. D., 1979, The Cambrian radiation event. In M. R. House, ed., The Origin of Major Invertebrate Groups, Systematics Association Special Volume, 12. London and New York: Academic Press, pp. 103–59.

Brasier, M. D., 1982, Sea-level changes, facies changes and the late Precambrian–early Cambrian evolutionary explosion. Precambrian Research 17: 105–23.

Brasier, M. D., 1984, Microfossils and small shelly fossils from the Lower Cambrian Hyolithes Limestone at Nuneaton, English Midlands. Geological Magazine 121: 229–53.

Brasier, M. D., 1992a, Paleoceanography and changes in the biological cycling of phosphorus across the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary. In J. H. Lipps and P. W. Signor, eds., Origin and Early Evolution of the Metazoa. New York: Plenum Press, pp. 483–523.

Brasier, M. D., 1992b, Nutrient-enriched waters and the early skeletal fossil record. Journal of the Geological Society of London 149: 621–9.

Brasier, M. D., 1993, Towards a carbon isotope stratigraphy of the Cambrian System: potential of the Great Basin succession. In E. A. Hailwood and R. B. Kidd, eds., High Resolution Stratigraphy. Geological Society of London Special Publication, Vol. 70. London: Geological Society, pp. 341–50.

Brasier, M. D., 1995a, Fossil indicators of nutrient levels. 1: Eutrophication and climate change. In D. W. J. Bosence and P. A. Allison, eds., Marine Palaeoenvironmental Analysis from Fossils. Geological Society of London Special Publication, Vol. 83. London: Geological Society, pp. 113–32.

Brasier, M. D., 1995b, Fossil indicators of nutrient levels. 2: Evolution and extinction in relation to oligotrophy. In D. W. J. Bosence and P. A. Allison, eds., Marine Palaeoenvironmental Analysis from Fossils. Geological Society of London Special Publication, Vol. 83. London: Geological Society, pp. 133–50.

Brasier, M. D., 1995c, The basal Cambrian transition and Cambrian bio-events (from terminal Proterozoic extinctions to Cambrian biomeres). In O. H. Walliser, ed., Global Events and Event Stratigraphy in the Phanerozoic. Berlin: Springer, pp. 113–8.

Brasier, M. D., Shields, G., Kuleshov, V. N., and Zhegallo, L. A., 1996, Integrated chemo- and biostratigraphic calibration of early animal evolution of southwest Mongolia. Geological Magazine 133: 445–85.

Brasier, M. D. and Sukhov, S. S., 1998, The falling amplitude of carbon isotopic oscillations through the Lower to Middle Cambrian: northern Siberia data. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 35: 353–73.

Brasier, M., Cowie, J., and Taylor, M., 1994, Decision on the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary stratotype. Episodes 17: 3–8.

Briggs, D. E. G., Erwin, D. H., and Collier, F. J., 1994, The Fossils of the Burgess Shale. Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Brøgger, W.C., 1878, Om Paradoxidesskifrene ved Krekling. Nyt Magazin Naturvidenskap 24, 18–88.

Brøgger, W.C., 1882, Die silurischen Etagen 2 und 3 im Kristianiagebiet und auf Eker, ihre Gliederung, Fossilien, Schichtenstörungen und Kontactmetamorfosen. Kristiania: Universitäts-Programm 32, 376 pp.

Brøgger, W.C., 1886, Om alderen af Olenelluszone i Nordamerika. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar 8: 182-213.

Budd , G. E., 1997, Stem group arthropods from the Lower Cambrian Sirius Passet fauna of North Greenland. In R. A. Fortey, and R. H. Thomas, eds., Arthropod Relationships. Systematics Association Special Volume Series 55, pp. 125–38.

Budd , G. E., and Peel , J. S., 1998, A new xenusiid lobopod from the Early Cambrian Sirius Passet fauna of North Greenland. Palaeontology 41: 1201–13.

Buggisch,W., Keller, M., and Lehnert, O., 2003, Carbon isotope record of Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician carbonates of Argentine Precordillera. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 195: 357–73.

Calner, M., Ahlberg, P., Lehnert, O., and Erlström, M. (eds.). 2013. The Lower Palaeozoic of southern Sweden and the Oslo region, Norway. Sveriges geologiska undersökning, Rapporter och meddelanden 133, 96 pp.

Cederström, P., Ahlberg, P., Babcock, L. E., Ahlgren, J., Høyberget, and Nilsson, C. H. 2012. Morphology, ontogeny and distribution of the Cambrian Series 2 ellipsocephalid trilobite Strenuaeva spinosa from Scandinavia. GFF 134: 157-171.

Chang, W. T., 1989, World Cambrian biogeography. In Chinese Academy of Sciences, Developments in Geoscience. Beijing: Science Press, pp. 209–20.

Chang, W. T., 1998, Cambrian biogeography of the Perigondwana Faunal Realm. Revista Española de Paleontología, no. extr. Homenaje al Prof. Gonzalo Vidal, pp. 35–49.

Chatterton, B. D. E., and Ludvigsen, R., 1998, Upper Steptoean (Upper Cambrian) trilobites from the McKay Group of southeastern British Columbia, Canada. Paleontological Society Memoir 49. Journal of Paleontology, 72(2)(Supplement): 1–43.

Chen, J. Y., Zhou, G. Q., Zhu, M. Y., and Yeh, K. Y., 1996, The Chengjiang Biota, a Unique Window of the Cambrian Explosion. Taichun: National Museum of Natural Sciences, 222 pp. [In Chinese]

Chernysheva, N. E., 1961, Stratigraphy of the Cambrian of the Aldan Anteclise and the palaeontological basis for separation of the Amgan Stage. Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Nauchno-Issledobatelskogo Geologicheskogo Instituta (VSEGEI), new series, 49: 1–347.

Chernysheva, N. E., 1961, 1967, Stratigraphical section of Mayan Stage of Middle Cambrian. Bulletin of Science and Technology information, ONTI VIEMS, Series: Geology, Ore Deposits, Useful Mineral, and Regional Geology 7: 38–42. [In Russian]

Choi, D. K., 2004, Stop 12, Machari Formation at the Gonggiri section. In D. K. Choi, S. K. Chough, W. R. Fitches, Y. K. Kwon, S. B. Lee, I. Kang, J. Woo, Y. J. Shinn, H. S. Lee, and J. W. Sohn, eds., 2004. Korea, 2004, Cambrian in the Land of Morning Calm. Seoul: Seoul National University, pp. 51–6.

Cloud, P. E., 1968, Pre-metazoan evolution and the origins of the Metazoa. In E. T. Drake, ed., Evolution and Environment. New Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 1–72.

Conway Morris, S., 1977, Fossil priapulid worms. Special Papers in Palaeontology 20.

Conway Morris, S., 1985, Cambrian Lagerstätten: their distribution and significance. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (London) B 311: 49–65.

Conway Morris, S., 1993, Ediacaran fossils in Cambrian Burgess Shale-type faunas of North America. Palaeontology 36: 539–635.

Conway Morris, S., 1998, The Crucible of Creation. The Burgess Shale and the Rise of Animals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Conway Morris, S., and Peel, J. S., 1990, Articulated halkieriids from the Lower Cambrian of North Greenland. Nature 345: 802–5.

Conway Morris, S., Peel, J. S., Higgins, A. K., Soper, N. J., and Davis, N. C., 1987, A Burgess Shale-like fauna from the Lower Cambrian of Greenland. Nature 326: 181–3.

Cooper, R. A., and Nowlan, G. S., 1999, Proposed global stratotype section and point for base of the Ordovician System. Acta Universitatis Carolinae Geologica 43: 61–4.

Cooper, R. A., Nowlan, G. S., and Williams, H. S., 2001, Global Stratotype Section and Point for base of the Ordovician System. Episodes 24(1): 19–28.

Corsetti, F. A., and Hagadorn, J. W., 2001, The Precambrian-Cambrian transition in the southern Great Basin, USA. The Sedimentary Record 1(1): 4–8.

Cowie, J. W., 1971, Lower Cambrian faunal provinces. In F. A. Middlemiss, P. F. Rawson, and G. Newall, eds., Faunal Provinces in Space and Time. Geological Journal Special Issue 4: 31–46.

Cowie, J. W., 1978, I.U.G.S./I.G.C.P. Project 29, Precambrian-Cambrian Boundary Working Group in Cambridge, 1978. Geological Magazine 115: 151–2.

Cowie, J. W., 1985, Continuing work on the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary. Episodes, 8(2): 93–7.

Cowie, J. W., Rushton, A. W. A., and Stubblefield, C. J., 1972, A correlation of Cambrian rocks in the British Isles. Geological Society of London, Special Reports 2: 1–42.

Cowie, J. W., Ziegler, W., and Remane, J., 1989, Stratigraphic Commission accelerates progress, 1984-1989. Episodes 12(2): 79-83.

Daily, B. and Jago, J. B., 1975, The trilobite Leiopyge Hawle and Corda and the Middle–Upper Cambrian boundary. Palaeontology 18: 527–50.

Davidek, K., Landing, E., Bowring, S. A., Westrop, S. R., Rushton, A. W. A., Fortey, R. A., and Adrain, J. M., 1998, New uppermost Cambrian U–Pb date from Avalonian Wales and age of the Cambrian–Ordovician boundary. Geological Magazine 135: 305–9.

Debrenne, F., 1992, Diversification of Archaeocyatha. In: J. H. Lipps and P. W. Signor, eds., Origin and Early Evolution of the Metazoa. New York: Plenum Press, pp. 425–43.

Debrenne, F., and Rozanov, A. Yu., 1983, Paleogeographic and stratigraphic distribution of regular Archaeocyatha (Lower Cambrian fossils). Geobios 16(6): 727–36.

Demidenko,Yu. E., 2001, Small shelly fossils. In: E. M. Alexander, J. B. Jago, A. Yu. Rozanov, and A. Yu. Zhuravlev, eds., The Cambrian Biostratigraphy of the Stansbury Basin, South Australia. Transactions of the Palaeontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences 282: 85–117.

Demidenko ,Yu. E., Jago, J. B., Lin, T. R., Parkhaev, P., Rozanov, A. Yu., Ushatinskaya, G. T., Zang, W. L., and Zhuravlev, A. Yu., 2001, Conclusions. In: E. M. Alexander, J. B. Jago, A.Yu. Rozanov, and A.Yu. Zhuravlev, eds., The Cambrian Biostratigraphy of the Stansbury Basin, South Australia. Transactions of the Palaeontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences 282: 66–73.

Derry, L. A., Brasier, M. D., Corfield, R. M., Rozanov, A. Yu., and Zhuravlev, A. Yu., 1994, Sr and C isotopes in Lower Cambrian carbonates from the Siberian craton: a paleoenvironmental record during the “Cambrian explosion.” Earth and Planetary Science Letters 128: 671–81.

Dong, X. P,. and Bergström, S. M., 2001a, Middle and Upper Cambrian protoconodonts and paraconodonts from Hunan, South China. Palaeontology 44: 949–85.

Dong, X. P,. and Bergström, S. M., 2001b, Stratigraphic significance of Middle and Upper Cambrian protoconodonts and paraconodonts from Hunan, South China. Palaeoword 13: 307-9.

Dong, X. P., Repetski, J. E., and Bergström, S. M., 2001, A conodont biozonation for the Middle Cambrian through lowermost Ordovician in Hunan, South China. Palaeoword 13: 252–5.

Droser, M. L., and Bottjer, D. J., 1988, Trends in depth and extent of bioturbation in Cambrian carbonate marine environments, western United States. Geology 16: 233–6.

Dubinina, S. V., 2009, Proposed new terminal stage of the Cambrian System in Kazakhstan. In G. Kh. Ergaliev, O. I. Nikitina, V. G. Zhemchuzhnikov, L. E. Popov, and M. G. Basset, eds., Stratigraphy, Fossils and Progress of International Stratigraphic Scale of Cambrian System. Materials of the 14th International Field Conference of Excursion of the Cambrian Stage Subdivision Working Group. Almaty, Kazakhstan: Gylym, pp. 18–9.

Ebneth, S., Shields, G. A., Veizer, J., Miller, J. F., and Shergold, J. H., 2001, High resolution strontium isotope stratigraphy across the Cambrian–Ordovician transition. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 65: 2273–2292.

Eddy, J. D., and McCollum, L. B., 1998, Early Middle Cambrian Albertella Biozone Trilobites of the Pioche Shale, Southeastern Nevada. Journal of Paleontology 72: 864–87.

Egorova, L. I., Shabanov, Yu.Ya., Rozanov, A.Yu., Savitsky, V.E., Chernysheva, N. E., and Shishkin, B.B., 1976, Elansk and Kuonamsk facies stratotypes in the lower part of the Middle Cambrian of Siberia. Sibirskogo Nauchno-issledovatel’skogo Instituta Geologii, Geofiziki i Mineral’nogo Syr’ya, Seriya Paleontologiya i Stratigrafiya 211: 1–167. [In Russian]

Egorova, L. I., Shabanov, Yu. Ya., Pegel, T. V., Savitsky, V. E., Sukhov, S. S., and Chernysheva, N. E., 1982, Type section of the Mayan Stage (Middle Cambrian of the southeastern Siberian Platform. Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Ministry of Geology of the USSR, Interdepartmental Stratigraphic Committee of the USSR, Transactions 8: 1–146. [In Russian]

Encarnación, J., Rowell, A. J., and Grunow, A. M., 1999, A U–Pb age for the Cambrian Taylor Formation, Antarctica: implications for the Cambrian time scale. Journal of Geology 107: 497–504.

Ergaliev, G. Kh., 1980, Middle and Upper Cambrian trilobites from Malyi Karatau. Alma-Ata: Akademiya Nauk Kazakhskoi SSR, 211 pp. [In Russian]

Ergaliev, G. Kh., 1981, Upper Cambrian biostratigraphy of the Kyrshabakty section, Malyi Karatau, southern Kazakhstan. In M. E. Taylor, ed., Short Papers for the Second International Symposium on the Cambrian System. U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 81–743, p. 82-8.

Ergaliev, G. Kh., 1992, On palaeogeography of Karatau (southern Kazakhstan) in Middle Cambrian to Early Ordovician. Proceedings of Academy of Sciences, Republic of Kazakhstan, Series Geology 6: 51–6.

Ergaliev, G. Kh., and Ergaliev, F. G., 2004. Stages and zones of the Middle and Upper portions of Cambrian of Malyi Karatau for the Project of International Stratigraphic Chart. In S. Zh. Daukeev, ed., Geology of Kazakhstan, Almaty: Kazakhstan Geological Society, pp. 36–5. [In Russian]

Ergaliev, G. Kh., and Ergaliev, F. G., 2008, Middle and Upper Cambrian Agnostida of the Aksai National Geological Reserve, South Kazakhstan (Kyrshabakty River, Malyi Karatau Range), part 1. Almaty: Gylym Press, 376 pp.

Fletcher, T. P., 2003, Ovatoryctocara granulata: the key to a global Cambrian stage boundary and the correlation of the olenellid, redlichiid and paradoxidid realms. Special Papers in Palaeontology 70: 73–102.

Fletcher , T. P., 2006. Bedrock Geology of the Cape St. Mary’s Peninsula, Southwest Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland (includes parts of NTS map sheets 1M/1, 1N/4, 1L/6 and 1K/13). Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, St. John’s, Report 06-02, 117 pp.

Fletcher, T. P., 2007, The base of Cambrian Series 3: the global significance of key oryctocephalid trilobite sanges in the Kaili Formation of South China. Memoir of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 33: 29–33.

Fortey, R. A., Briggs, D. E. G., and Wills, M. A., 1996, The Cambrian evolutionary ‘explosion’: decoupling cladogenesis from morphological disparity. Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society 57: 13–33.

Friedman, G.M., 2002, Highest Phanerozoic strontium isotopic ratios of pre-rift Late Cambrian passive margin in New York State, USA: products of continental weathering and orogenesis. Sedimentary Geology 147: 143–153.

Fritz, W. H., 1992, Walcott’s Lower Cambrian olenellid trilobite collection 61K, Mount Robson area, Canadian Rocky Mountains. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 432:1–65.

Gallet, Y., Pavlov, V., and Courtillot, V., 2003, Magnetic reversal frequency and apparent polar wander of the Siberian platform in the earliest Palaeozoic, inferred from the Khorbusuonka River section (northeastern Siberia). Geophysical Journal International 154: 829–40.

Gámez Vintaned, J. A., Liñán, E., Mayoral, E., Dies, M. E., Gozalo, R. & Muñiz, F. 2006. Trace and soft body fossils from the Pedroche Formation (Ovetian, Lower Cambrian of Sierra de Córdoba, S Spain) and their relation to the Pedroche event. Geobios 39, 443–468. doi: 10.1016/j.geobios.2005.04.004.

Gehling, J. G., 1999, Microbial mats in Proterozoic siliciclastics: Ediacaran death masks. Palaios 14: 40–57.

Gehling, J. G., Jensen, S., Droser, M. L., Myrow, P. M., Narbonne, G. M., 2001, Burrowing below the basal Cambrian GSSP, Fortune Head, Newfoundland. Geological Magazine 138: 213–8.

Gehling, J. G., and Rigby, L. K., 1996, Long expected sponges from the Neoproterozoic Ediacara fauna of South Australia. Journal of Paleontology 70: 185-95.

Geyer, G., 1990, Correlation along the Lower/Middle Cambrian boundary– a puzzling story with an elusory end? In L. N. Repina and A. Yu. Zhuravlev, eds., Third International Symposium on the Cambrian System. Novosibirsk: Institute of Geology and Geophysics. pp. 100–2.

Geyer, G., 1995, The Fish River Subgroup in Namibia: stratigraphy, depositional environments and the Proterozoic–Cambrian boundary problem revisited. Geological Magazine 142: 465–498.

Geyer, G., 1998, Intercontinental, trilobite-based correlation of the Moroccan early Middle Cambrian: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 35: 374–401.

Geyer, G., 2005, The base of a revised Middle Cambrian: are suitable concepts for a series boundary in reach? Geosciences Journal 9(2): 81–99.

Geyer, G., and Landing, E., 2004, A unified Lower–Middle Cambrian chronostratigraphy for West Gondwana. Acta Geologica Polonica 54: 179–218.

Geyer, G, and Shergold, J.. 2000, The quest for internationally recognized divisions of Cambrian time. Episodes 23(3): 188–195.

Geyer, G, Peng, S. C., and Shergold,.J. 2000, Correlation chart for major Cambrian areas. In G. Geyer, and J. Shergold, The quest for internationally recognized divisions of Cambrian time. Episodes 23(3): 190–1

Geyer, G, Peng, S. C., and Shergold, J, 2003, Correlation chart for major Cambrian areas (revised version, 2002). In J. Shergold and G. Geyer, The Subcommission on Cambrian Stratigraphy: the status quo. Geologica Acta 1: 6–7.

Gozalo, R., Liñán, E., Palacios, T., Gámez Vintaned, J. A. & Mayoral, E. 2003. The Cambrian of the Iberian Peninsula: An overview. Geologica Acta 1, 103-112. doi 10.1344/105.000001596.

Gozalo, R., Liñán, E., Dies Álvarez, M.E., Gámez Vintaned, J.A., Mayoral, E., 2007. The Lower–Middle Cambrian boundary in the Mediterranean subprovince. Geological Society of America Special Paper 423, 359-373.

Gozalo, R., Liñán, E., Gámez Vintaned, J. A., Dies Álvarez, M. E., Chirivella Martorell, J. B., Zamora, S., Esteve, J. & Mayoral, E. 2008. The Cambrian of the Cadenas Ibéricas (NE Spain) and its trilobites (eds I. Rábano, R. Gozalo and D. García Bellido), pp 137-151. Cuadernos del Museo Geológico y Minero, nº 9. Madrid: Instituto Geológico y Minero de España.

Gozalo, R., Liñán, E. & Chirivella, J.B., 2011a: The first record of Dinesus (Trilobita, Dinesidae) in the Cambrian of the Mediterranean region. Alcheringa 35, 1-9. DOI: 10.1080/03115511003793520.

Gozalo, R., Chirivella, J.B., Esteve, J. & Liñán, E., 2011b: Correlation between the base of Drumian Stage and the base of middle Caesaraugusan Stage in the Iberian Chains (NE Spain). Bulletin of Geosciences 86, 545-554. DOI: 10.3140/bull.geosci.1254.

Gozalo, R., Dies Álvarez, M. E., Gámez Vintaned, J. A., Zhuravlev, A. Yu., Bauluz, B., Subías, I., Chirivella Martorell, J. B., Mayoral, E., Gursky, H.-J., Andrés, J. A. & Liñán, E. 2013. Proposal of a reference section and point for the Cambrian Series 2–3 boundary in the Mediterranean subprovince in Murero (NE Spain) and its intercontinental correlation. Geological Journal, 48, 142-155. DOI: 10.1002/gj.1330.

Grotzinger, J. P., Bowering, S. A., Saylor, B. Z., and Kaufman, A. J., 1995, Biostratigraphic and geochronologic constraints on early animal evolution. Science 270: 598–604.

Guo, Q. J., Strauss, H., Liu, C. Q., Zhao, Y. L., Pi, D. H., Fu, P. Q., Zhu, L. J., Yang, R. D., 2005, Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of Lower to Middle Cambrian sediments at Taijiang, Guizhou Province, China. Geological Magazine 142: 723–33.

Hagadorn J. W., and Waggoner, B., 2000, Ediacaran fossils from the southwestern Great Basin, United States. Journal of Paleontology 74: 349–59.

Hagadorn J. W., Fedo, C. M., and Waggoner, B. M., 2000, Early Cambrian Ediacaran-type fossils from California. Journal of Paleontology 74: 731–40.

Halgedahl, S. L., Jarrard, R. D., Brett, C. E., and Allison, P. A., 2009. Geophysical and geological signatures of relative sea level change in the upper Wheeler Formation, Drum Mountains, west-central Utah: a perspective into exceptional preservation of fossils. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 277: 34–56.

Hamdi, B., Brasier, M. D., and Jiang, Z., 1989. Earliest skeletal fossils from Precambrian-Cambrian boundary strata, Elburz Mountains, Iran. Geological Magazine 126: 283–9.

Harvey, T. H. P. Williams, M., Condon, D. J., Wilby, P. R., Siveter, D. J., Rushton, A. W. A., Leng, M. J., and Gabbott, S. E., 2011. A refined chronology for the Cambrian succession of southern Britain. Journal of the Geological Society, 168: 705-16.

Henderson, R. A., 1976, Upper Cambrian (Idamean) trilobites from western Queensland, Australia. Palaeontology 19: 325–64.

Henderson, R. A., 1977, Stratigraphy of the Georgina Limestone and a revised zonation for the early Upper Cambrian Idamean Stage. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia 23: 423–33.

Hoffman, H. J., and Mountjoy, E. W., 2001, Namacalathus-Cloudina assemblage in Neoproterozoic Miette Group (Byng Formation), British Columbia: Canada’s oldest shelly fossils. Geology 29: 1091-4.

Hollingsworth, J. S., 2007, Fallotaspidoid trilobite assemblage (Lower Cambrian) from the Esmeralda Basin(western Nevada, U.S.A.): the oldest trilobites from Laurentia. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaentologists 33: 123–40.

Hong, P., Lee, J. G., and Choi, D. K., 2003, Late Cambrian trilobite Irvingella from the Machari Formation, Korea: evolution and correlation. Special Papers in Palaeontology 70: 175–96.

Hou, X. G., Bergström, J., Wang, H. F., Feng, X. H., and Chen, A. L., 1999, The Chengjiang Fauna: Exceptionally Well-Preserved Animals from 530 Million Years Ago. Kunming: Yunnan Science and Technology Press. 170 pp. [In Chinese]

Howley, R. A., and Jiang, G. Q., 2010, The Cambrian Drumian carbon isotope excursion (DICE) in the Great Basin, western United States. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 296: 138-50.

Howley, R. A., Rees, M. N., and Jiang, G. Q., 2006, Significance of Middle Cambrian mixed carbonate-siliciclastic units for global correlation: southern Nevada, USA. Palaeoworld 15: 360–6.

Hua, H., Chen, Z., Yuan, X. L., Zhang, L. Y., and Xiao, S. H., 2005, Skeletogenesis and asexual reproduction in the earliest biomineralizing animal Cloudina. Geology 33: 277-80.

Isachsen, C. E., Bowring, S. A., Landing, E., and Samson, S. D., 1994, New constraint on the division of Cambrian time. Geology 22: 496-8.

Jell, P. A., 1974, Faunal provinces and possible planetary reconstruction of the Middle Cambrian. Journal of Geology 82: 319–50.

Jell, P. A., 2003, Phylogeny of Early Cambrian trilobites. Special Papers in Palaeontology 70: 45–57.

Jensen, S., Gehling, J. G., and Droser, M. L., 1998, Ediacara-type fossil in Cambrian sediments. Nature 393: 567–9.

Jiang, G. Q., Kaufman, A. J., Christie-Blick, N., Zhang, S. H., and Wu, H. C., 2007. Carbon isotope variability across the Ediacaran Yangtze platform in South China: Implications for a large surface-to-deep ocean δ13C gradient. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 261: 303–20.

Jiang, N. R., Wang, Z. Z, and Chen, Y. G., 1964, Cambrian stratigraphy of eastern Yunnan. Acta Geologica Sinica 44 (2): 137–55. [In Chinese]

Jones, P. J., Shergold, J. H., and Druce, E. C., 1971, Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician stages in western Queensland. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia 18: 1–32.

Kaufman, A.J., Knoll, A.H., Semikhatov, M.A., Grotzinger, J.P., Jacobsen, S.B., Adams, and W., 1996, Integrated chronostratigraphy of Proterozoic–Cambrian boundary beds in the western Anabar region, northern Siberia. Geological Magazine 133: 509–33.

Keber, M., 1988, Mikrofossilien aus unterkambrischen Gesteinen der Montagne Noire, Frankreich. Palaeontographica A 202: 127–203.

Khomentovsky, V. V., 1974, Principles for the recognition of the Vendian as a Paleozoic system. In Essays on Stratigraphy, Moscow: Nauka, pp. 33–70. [In Russian]

Khomentovsky, V. V., 1976, Vendian. Transactions of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences 234: 1-271. [In Russian]

Khomentovsky, V. V., 1984, ‘Vendian’. In Phanerozoic of Siberia, 1. Novosibirsk: Nauka, pp. 5–35. [In Russian]

Khomentovsky, V.V., and Gibsher, A. S., 1996, The Neoproterozoic–Lower Cambrian in northern Govi-Altai, western Mongolia: Regional setting, lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy. Geological Magazine 133: 371–90.

Khomentovsky, V. V. and Kalova, G. A., 1993, Biostratigraphy of the Vendian–Cambrian beds and the Lower Cambrian boundary in Siberia. Geological Magazine 130: 29–45.

Khomentovsky, V. V. and Kalova, G. A., 2005, The Tommotian Stage base as the Cambrian lower boundary in Siberia. Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation 13: 21–34.

Khomentovsky, V. V. and Repina, L. N., 1965, The Lower Cambrian Stratotype Sections in Siberia. Moscow: Nauka. 200 pp. [In Russian]

Khramov, A., and Rodionov, V. 1980. The geomagnetic field during the Palaeozoic time. Journal of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity, 32 (Supplement III): 99–115.

Kimura, H. and Watanabe, Y., 2001, Oceanic anoxia at the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary. Geology 29: 995–8.

Kirschvink, J. L., 1978a, The Precambrian–Cambrian boundary problem: magnetostratigraphy of the Amadeus Basin, central Australia. Geological Magazine 115: 139–50.

Kirschvink, J. L., 1978b, The Precambrian–Cambrian boundary problem: palaeomagnetic directions from the Amadeus Basin, central Australia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 40: 91–100.

Kirschvink, J. L. and Raub, T. D., 2003, A methane fuse for the Cambrian explosion: carbon cycles and true polar wander. Geoscience 335(1): 65–78.

Kirschvink, J. L. and Rozanov, A. Yu., 1984, Magnetostratigraphy of Lower Cambrian strata from the Siberian Platform: a palaeomagnetic pole and a preliminary polarity time-scale. Geological Magazine 121: 189–203.

Kirschvink, J. L., Margaritz, M., Ripperdan, R. L., Zhuravlev, A. Yu., and Rozanov, A. Yu., 1991, The Precambrian–Cambrian boundary: magnetostratigraphy and carbon isotopes resolve correlation problems between Siberia, Morocco and South China. GSA Today 1(4): 61–91.

Kirschvink, J. L., Ripperdan, R. L., and Evans, D., 1997, Evidence for a large scale reorganisation of Early Cambrian continental masses by inertial interchange true polar wander. Science 227: 541–5.

Klootwijk, C. T., 1980, Early Palaeozoic magnetism in Australia. Tectonophysics 64: 249–332.

Kobayashi, T., 1935, The Cambro-Ordovician formations and faunas of South Chosen, Palaeontology, Part 3, Cambrian faunas of South Chosen with a special study on the Cambrian trilobite genera and families. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Section II 4: 49–344.

Kobayashi, T., 1971, The Cambro-Ordovician faunal provinces and the inter-provincial correlation discussed with special reference to the trilobites in eastern Asia. Journal of the Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Section II 18(1): 129–299.

Kobayashi, T., 1972, Three faunal provinces in the Early Cambrian Period. Proceedings of Japan Academy 48: 242–7.

Korovnikov, I. V., 2005, Lower and Middle Cambrian boundary in open shelf facies of the Siberian Platform. Acta Micropaleontologica Sinica 22 (Supplement): 80–4.

Kouchinsky, A., Bengtson, S., Gallet, Y., Korovnikov, I., Pavlov, V., Runnegar, B., Shields, G., Veizer, J., Young, E., and Ziegler, K, 2008, The SPICE carbon isotope excursion in Siberia: a combined study of the upper Middle Cambrian–lowermost Ordovician Kulyumbe River section, northwestern Siberian Platform. Geological Magazine 145: 609–22.

Kouchinsky, A., Bengtson, S., Pavlov, V., Runnergar, B., Val’kov, A., and Young, E., 2005, Pre-Tommotian age of the lower Pestrotsvet Formation in the Selinde section on the Siberian Platform: carbon isotope evidence. Geological Magazine 142: 319–325.

Kruse, P. and Shi, G. R., 2000, Archaeocyaths and radiocyaths. In: G. Brock, M. J. Engelbresten, J. B. Jago, et al., Palaeobiogeography of Australian Cambrian Faunas. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 23: 13–20.

Kruse, P., Jago, J. B., and Laurie, J. R., 2009, Recent developments in Australian Cambrian biostratigraphy. Journal of Stratigraphy 33: 35–47.

Landing, E., 1991, A unified uppermost Precambrian through Lower Cambrian lithostratigraphy for Avalonian North America. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 23: 56.

Landing, E., 1992, Lower Cambrian of southeastern Newfoundland. Epeirogeny and Lazarus faunas, lithofacies-biofacies linkages, and the myth of a global chronostratigraphy. In J. H. Lipps and P. W. Signor, eds., Origin and Early Evolution of Metazoans. Topics in Geobiology 10, pp. 283–309.

Landing, E., 1994, Precambrian–Cambrian boundary global stratotype ratified and a new perspective of Cambrian time. Geology 22: 179–82.

Landing, E., 1996, Avalon: Insular continent by the latest Precambrian. In R. D. Nance and M. D. Thomlpson, eds., Avalon and Related Peri-Gondwana Terranes of the Circum-North Atlantic. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 304: 29–63.

Landing, E., 2004, Precambrian–Cambrian boundary interval deposition and the marginal platform of the Avalon micocontinent. Journal of Geodynamics 37: 411–35.

Landing, E., Bowring, S.A., Davidek, K., Westrop, S.R., Geyer, G., and Heldmaier, W., 1998, Duration of the Early Cambrian: U-Pb ages of volcanic ashes from Avalon and Gondwana. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 35: 329–38

Landing, E., Bowring, S. A., Davidek, K. L., Rushton, A. W. A., Fortey, R. A., and Wimbledon, W. A. P., 2000, Cambrian–Ordovician boundary age and duration of the lowest Ordovician Tremadoc Series based on U–Pb zircon dates from Avalonian Wales. Geological Magazine 137: 485–94.

Landing, E., English, A. M., and Keppie, J. D., 2010, Cambrian origin of all skeletalized metazoan phyla—discovery of Earth’s oldest bryozoans (Upper Cambrian, southern Mexico). Geology 38: 547-50.

Landing, E., Myrow, P., Benus, A. P., and Narbonne, G. M., 1989, The Placentian Series: appearance of the oldest skeletalized faunas in southeastern Newfoundland. Journal of Paleontology 63: 739–69.

Landing, E., Peng S. C., Babcock, L. E., Geyer, G., and Moczydlowska-Vidal, M., 2007, Global standard names for the Lowermost Cambrian Series and Stage. Episodes 30: 287–99.

Landing, E., Westrop, S. R., and Miller, J. F., 2010, Globally practical base for the uppermost Cambrian (Stage 10) – FAD of the conodont Eoconodontus notchpeakensis and the Housian Stage. In P. Fatka and P. Budil, eds., Prague 2010, The 15th Field Conference of the Cambrian Stage Subdivision Working Group, International Subcommission on Cambrian Stratigraphy. Prague: Czech Geological Survey, p. 18.

Landing, E., Geyer, G., Brasier, M. D., and Bowring, S. A. 2013. Cambrian Evolutionary Radiation: Context, correlation, and chronostratigraphy–Overcoming deficiencies of the first appearance datum (FAD) concept. Earth-Science Reviews 123: 133-172.

Lane, P. D., Blaker, M. R., and Zhang, W. T., 1988, Redescription of the Early Cambrian trilobite Arthricocephalus chauveaui Bergeron, 1899. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 27: 553–60. [In Chinese and English]

Lapworth, C., 1879, On the tripartite classification of the Lower Paleozoic rocks. Geological Magazine, new series 6: 1–15.

Laurie, J. R., 2004, Early Middle Cambrian trilobite faunas from NTGS Elkedra 3 corehole,southern Georgina Basin. Northern Territory. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 30: 221-60.

Laurie, J. R., 2006, Early Middle Cambrian trilobites from Pacific Oil 8L Gas Baldwin 1 well,southern Georgina Basin, Northern Territory. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 32: 127-204.

Lazarenko, N. P., 1966, Biostratigraphy and some new trilobites of the Upper Cambrian Olenek Rise and Kharaulakh Mountains. Uchenie Zapisky Paleontologiya i Biostratigrafiya (NIIGA) 11: 33–78.

Lazarenko, N. P., and Nikiforiv, N. I., 1972, Middle and Upper Cambrian of the northern Siberian Platform and adjacent folded areas. In Stratigraphy, Paleogeography, and Mineral Deposits of the North Arctic. Leningrad: NIIGA Press, pp. 4–9.

Li, G. X., Zhang, J. M., and Zhu, M. Y., 2001. Litho- and biostratigraphy of the Lower Cambrian Meishucunian Stage in the Xiaotan section, Eastern Yunnan. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 40 (Supplement): 40–53.

Li, G. X., Steiner, M., Zhu, M. Y., Zhu, X. J., Erdtmann, B.-D., 2007, Early Cambrian fossil record of metazoans in South China: generic diversity and radiation patterns. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 254: 226–46.

Liang, Q. Z., Wu, F., and Van der Voo, R., 1990, Further study on palaeomagnetism of the Precambrian – Cambrian boundary candidate stratotype section at Meishucun, Yunnan, China. Acta Geologica Sinica 1990 (3): 264–74. [In Chinese]

Liñán,E. & Gámez-Vintaned, J. A. 1993. Lower Cambrian palaeogeography of the Iberian Peninsula and its relations with some neighbouring European areas. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 164, 831–842.

Liñán, E., Perejón, A. & Sdzuy, K. 1993. The Lower-Middle Cambrian stages and stratotypes from the Iberian Peninsula: a revision. Geological Magazine 130, 817–833.

Liñán, E., Perejón, A., Gozalo, R., Moreno-Eiris, E. & Oliveira, J. T. de 2004. The Cambrian System in Iberia. Publicaciones del Instituto Geológico y Minero de España. Cuadernos del Museo Geominero, 3, Madrid, 63 pp.

Liñán, E., Gámez Vintaned, J. A., Gozalo, R., Dies, M. E. & Mayoral, E. 2006. Events and biostratigraphy in the Lower Cambrian of Iberia. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 157, 597–609.

Liñán, E., Gozalo, R., Dies Álvarez, M. E., Gámez Vintaned, J. A. & Zamora, S. 2008. Nuevos trilobites del Ovetiense inferior (Cámbrico Inferior bajo) de Sierra Morena (España). Ameghiniana 45, 123–138.

Liñán, E., Gozalo, R., Palacios, T., Gámez Vinaned, J. A., Ugidos, J. M. & Mayoral, E. 2002. Cambrian. In The Geology of Spain (eds W. Gibbons & T. Moreno), pp. 17–29. The Geological Society, London.

Liñán, E., Dies, M. E., Gámez Vintaned, J. A., Gozalo, R., Mayoral, E. & Muñiz, F. 2005. Lower Ovetian (Lower Cambrian) trilobites and biostratigraphy of the Pedroche Formation (Sierra de Córdoba, southern Spain). Geobios 38, 365–381. doi: 10.1016/j.geobios.2003.11.007.

Lochman-Balk, C., and Wilson, J. L., 1958, Cambrian biostratigraphy in North America. Journal of Paleontology 32: 312-350.

Longacre, S. A., 1970, Trilobites of the Upper Cambrian Ptychaspid Biomere, Wilberns Formation, central Texas. Journal of Paleontology 44 (2)(Supplement): 1–70.

Lu, Y. H., 1981, Provincialism, dispersal, development, and phylogeny of trilobites. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 187: 143–50.

Lu, Y. H., and Lin, H. L., 1989, The Cambrian trilobites of western Zhejiang. Palaeontologia Sinica 25: 1–287.

Lu, Y. H., Zhu, Z. L., Qian, Y. Y., Lin, H. L., Zhou, Z. Y., and Yuan, K. X., 1974, The bio-environmental control hypothesis and its application to the Cambrian biostratigraphy and palaeozoo-geography. Memoir of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica 5: 27–110.

Ludvigsen, R., and Westrop, S. R., 1985, Three new Upper Cambrian stages for North America. Geology, 13:139–43.

Luo, H. L., Hu, S. X.., Chen, L. Z., Zhang, S. S., and Tao, Y. H., 1999; Early Cambrian Chengjinag Fauna from Kunming Region, China. Kunming: Yunnan Science and Technology Press, 129 pp. [In Chinese]

Luo, H. L., Jiang, Z. W., and Tang, L. D., 1994, Stratotype sections for Lower Cambrian stages in China. Kunming: Yunnan Science and Technology Press. 183 pp. [In Chinese]

Luo, H. L., Jiang, Z. W., Wu X. C., Ou, Y. L., Song, X. L., and Xue X. F., 1992, A further research on the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary at Meishucun section of Jinning, Yunnan, China. Acta Geologica Sinica 5: 197–207.

Luo, H. L., Jiang, Z. W., Wu X. C., Song, X. L.,Ou, Y. L., Xin Y. S., Liu G. Z., Zhang S. S., and Tao, Y. H., 1984, Sinian–Cambrian Boundary Stratotype Section at Meishucun, Jinning, Yunnan, China. Kunming: Yunnan People’s Publishing House, 154 pp. [In Chinese]

Luo, H. L., Jiang, Z. W., Wu X. C., Song, X. L., and Ou, Y. L., 1990, The global biostratigraphic correlation of the Meishucunian Stage and the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary. Science in China, Series B (Chinese Edition) 1990: 313–8. [In Chinese]

Luo, H. L., Wu X. C., and Ou, Y. L.,1991, Facies changes and transverse correlation of the Sinian-Cambrian boundary strata in eastern Yunnan. Sedimentary Facies and Palaeogeography 1991 (4): 27–35. [In Chinese]

Maas, A., Braun, A, Dong, X. P., Donoghued, P. C. J., Müller, K. J., Olempska, E., Repetski, J. E., Siveter, D. J., Stein, M., and Waloszek, D., 2006, The ‘Orsten’— More than a Cambrian Konservat-lagerstätte yielding exceptional preservation. Palaeoworld 15: 266–82.

Maloof, A. C., Schrag, D. P., Crowley, J. L., and Bowring, S. A., 2005, An expanded record of Early Cambrian carbon cycling from the Anti-Atlas Margin, Morocco. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 42: 2195–216.

McCollum, L. B. and Sundberg, F. A., 1999, Stop 9. Biostratigraphy of the traditional Lower-Middle Cambrian boundary interval in the outer shelf Emigrant Formation, Split Mountain East section, Esmeralda County, Nevada. In A. R. Palmer, ed., Laurentia 99, V Field Conference of the Cambrian Stage Subdivision Working Group. Boulder: Institute for Cambrian Studies. pp. 29–34.

McNamara, K. J., Yu, F., and Zhou, Z. Y., 2003, Ontogeny and heterochrony in the oryctocephalid trilobite Arthricocephalus from the Early Cambrian of China. Special Papers in Palaeontology 70:103–26.

Mei, M. X., Ma, Y. S., Zhang, H., Meng, X. Q., and Chen, Y. H., 2007, Sequence-stratigraphic framework for the Cambrian of the Upper Yangtze region: ponder on the sequence stratigraphic background of the Cambrian biological diversity events. Journal of Stratigraphy 31: 68–78 [In Chinese]

Miller, J. F., 1980, Taxonomic revisions of some Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician conodonts with comments on their evolution. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 99: 1–43.

Miller, J. F., 1988, Conodonts as biostratigraphic tools for redefinition and correlation of the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary. Geological Magazine 125: 349–62.

Miller, J. F., 1992. The Lange Ranch eustatic event: a regressive– transgressive couplet near the base of the Ordovician System. In B.D. Webby, and J.R. Laurie, eds., Global Perspectives on Ordovician Geology. Rotterdam: Balkema. pp. 395–407.

Miller, J. F., Ethington, R. L., Evans, K. R., Holmer, L. E., Loch, J. D., Popov, L. E., Repetski, J. E., Ripperdan, R. L., and Taylor, J. F., 2006, Proposed stratotype for the base of the highest Cambrian stage at the first appearance datum of Cordylodus andresi, Lawson Cove section, Utah, USA. Palaeoworld 15: 384–405.

Miller, J. F., Evans, K. E., Loch, J. D., Ethington, R. L., Stitt, J. H., Holmer, L. E., Popov, L. E., 2003, Stratigraphy of the Sauk III interval (Cambrian–Ordovician) in the Ibex area, western Millard County, Utah. Brigham Young University Geology Studies 47: 23–118.

Moczydlowska, M., 1991. Acritarch biostratigraphy of the Lower Cambrian and the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary in southeastern Poland. Fossils and Strata 29: 1–127.

Moczydlowska, M. and Vidal, G., 1992. Phytoplankton from the Lower Cambrian Læså formation on Bornholm, Denmark: biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironmental constraints. Geological Magazine 129: 17–40.

Moczydlowska, M., 1998. Cambrian acritarchs from Upper Silesia, Poland - biochronology and tectonic implications. Fossils & Strata 46: 1–121.

Moczydlowska, M., 1999. The Lower-Middle Cambrian boundary recognized by acritarchs in Baltica and at the margin of Gondwana. Bolletino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana 38: 207–225.

Moczydlowska, M., 2000. Biochronology of Cambrian phytoplankton. In: Cambrian from the southern edge. Ed. G.F. Acenolaza and S. Peralta, Instituto Superior de Correlacion Geologica, Miscelanea 6: 111–113.

Moczydlowska, M., 2001. Early Cambrian phytoplankton radiations and appearance of metazoans. In: Cambrian System of South China (eds Peng, Shanchi, Babcock, L.E., Zhu Maoyan), Press of University of Science and Technology of China, 293-296.

Moczydlowska, M., Jensen, S., Ebbestad, J., Budd, G., and Marti-Mus, M., 2001. Biochronology of the autochthonous Lower Cambrian in the Laisvall-Storuman area, Swedish Caledonides. Geological Magazine 138: 435–453.

Moczydlowska, M., 2002. Early Cambrian phytoplankton diversification and appearance of trilobites in the Swedish Caledonides with implications for coupled evolutionary events between primary producers and consumers. Lethaia 35: 191–214.

Moczydlowska, M. and Stockfors, M. 2004. Acritarchs from the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary interval on Kolguev Island, Arctic Russia. Palynology 28: 15–73.

Moczydlowska, M., Popov, L.E., and Stockfors, M., 2004. Upper Cambrian–Ordovician successions overlying Timanian complexes: new evidence of acritarchs and brachiopods from Kolguev Island, Arctic Russia. Geobios 37: 239–251.

Moczydlowska, M. and Zang, W., 2006. The Early Cambrian acritarch Skiagia and its significance for global correlation. Palaeoworld 15: 328–347.

Moczydlowska, M., 2010. Life cycle of early Cambrian microalgae from the Skiagia-plexus acritarchs. Journal of Paleontology 84: 216–230.

Moczydlowska, M., 2011. The early Cambrian phytoplankton radiation: acritarch evidence from the Lukati Formation, Estonia. Palynology 35: 101–143.

Moczydlowska, M., and Yin, L., 2012. Phytoplanktic microfossils record in the lower Cambrian and their contribution to stage chronostratigraphy. Journal of Guizhou University (Natural Science) 29 (Supplement 1): 49–58.

Montañez, I. P., Osleger, D. A., Banner, J. L., 2000, Evolution of the Sr and C isotope composition of Cambrian oceans. GSA Today 10(5): 1–7.

Murchison, R. I., 1839, The Silurian System, founded on geological researches in the counties of Salop, Hereford, Radnor, Montgomery, Caermarthen, Brecon, Pembroke, Monmouth, Gloucester, Worcester, and Stafford; with descriptions of the coal-fields and overlying formations. London: John Murray, Part 1: pp. 1–576; Part 2: pp. 577–768.

Narbonne, G. M., Myrow, P., Landing, E., and Anderson, M. M., 1987, A candidate stratotype for the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary, Fortune Head, Burin Peninsula, southeastern Newfoundland. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24: 277–93.

Nicholas, C. J., 1996, The Sr isotopic evolution of the oceans during the “Cambrian explosion”. Journal of the Geological Society, London 153: 243–54.

Nicoll, R. S., 1990, The genus Cordylodus and a latest Cambrian–earliest Ordovician conodont biostratigraphy. Australia Bureau of Mineral Resources, Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics 11: 529–58.

Nicoll, R. S., 1991, Differentiation of Late Cambrian–Early Ordovician species of Cordylodus (Conodonta) with biapical basal cavities. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics 12: 223–44.

Nicoll, R. S. and Shergold, J. H., 1992, Revised Late Cambrian (pre-Payntonian– Datsonian) conodont stratigraphy at Black Mountain, Georgina Basin, western Queensland, Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics 12: 93–118.

Nicoll, R. S. and Shergold, J. H., 1963, Early Upper Cambrian fossils from Queensland. Bureau of Mineral Resources of Australia Bulletin 64: 1–133

Nicoll, R. S. and Shergold, J. H., 1966, The Early Upper Cambrian crisis and its correlation. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 100: 9–14.

Nicoll, R. S. and Shergold, J. H., 1967, The Mindyallan fauna of north-western Queensland. Bureau of Mineral Resources of Australia Bulletin 74(1): 404 pp.; (2): 167 pp.

Nicoll, R. S. and Shergold, J. H., 1968, The Ordian Stage of the Cambrian and its Australian Metadoxididae. Bureau of Mineral Resources of Australia Bulletin 92: 133–70

Nicoll, R. S. and Shergold, J. H., 1979, Middle Cambrian agnostids: systematics and biostratigraphy. Bureau of Mineral Resources of Australia Bulletin 172(1): 188 pp.; and (2): 67 pp.

Orłowski, S., 1992, Cambrian stratigraphy and stage subdivision in the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Geological Magazine 129: 471–4.

Palacios, T. and Moczydlowska, M. 1998. Acritarch biostratigraphy of the Lower-Middle Cambrian boundary in the Iberian Chains, Province of Soria, northeastern Spain. Revista Española de Paleontologia, no extr. Homenaje al Prof. Gonzalo Vidal, 65-82.

Palmer, A. R., 1965a, Biomere – a new kind of biostratigraphic unit. Journal of Paleontology 39: 149–53.

Palmer, A. R., 1965b, Trilobites of the Late Cambrian Pterocephaliid Biomere in the Great Basin, United States. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 493, 105 pp.

Palmer, A. R., 1973, Cambrian trilobites. In A. Hallam, ed., Atlas of Palaeobiogeography. New York: Elsevier, pp. 3–18.

Palmer, A. R., 1979, Biomere boundaries re-examined. Alcheringa 3: 33–41.

Palmer, A. R., 1981, Subdivision of the Sauk Sequence. In M. E. Taylor, ed., Short Papers for the Second International Symposium on the Cambrian System. U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 81–743, pp. 160–2.

Palmer, A. R., 1984, The biomere problem: evolution of an idea. Journal of Paleontology 58: 599–611.

Palmer, A. R., 1998, A proposed nomenclature for stages and series for the Cambrian of Laurentia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 35: 323–8.

Palmer, A. R., 1999, Introduction. In A. R. Palmer, ed., Laurentia 99, V Field Conference of the Cambrian Stage Subdivision Working Group. International Subcommission on Cambrian Stratigraphy: Institute for Cambrian Studies, Boulder, Colorado. pp. 1–4.

Palmer, A. R., and Halley, R. B., 1979, Physical stratigraphy and trilobite biostratigraphy of the Carrara Formation (Lower and Middle Cambrian) in the southern Great Basin. U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 1047: 1–131.

Palmer, A. R., and Repina, L. N. 1993. Through a glass darkly: taxonomy, phylogeny, and biostratigraphy of the Olenellina. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, new series 3: 1–35.

Pavlov, V., and Gallet, Y., 1998, Upper Cambrian to Middle Ordovician magnetostratigraphy from the Kulumbe River section (northwestern Siberia). Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 108: 49–59.

Pavlov, V., and Gallet, Y., 2001. Middle Cambrian high magnetic reversal frequency (Kulumbe River section, northwestern Siberia) and reversal behaviour during the Early Palaeozoic. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 185: 173–83.

Pavlov, V., and Gallet, Y., 2005. Third superchron during the early Paleozoic. Episodes 28: 78–84.

Pavlov, V., Bachtadse, V., and Mikhailov, V., 2008, New Middle Cambrian and Middle Ordovician palaeomagnetic data from Siberia: Llandelian magnetostratigraphy and relative rotation between the Aldan and Anabar–Angara blocks. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 276: 229–42.

Pegel, T. V., 2000, Evolution of trilobite biofacies in Cambrian basins of the Siberian Platform. Journal of Paleontology 74: 1000–1019.

Peng, S. C., 1984, Cambrian-Ordovician boundary in the Cili-Taoyuan border area, northwestern Hunan with descriptions of relative trilobites. In Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaleontology, Academia Sinica, ed., Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Systemic Boundaries in China, Cambrian-Ordovician Boundary (1). Hefei: Anhui Science and Technology Publishing House, pp. 285–405.

Peng, S. C., 1990, Tremadoc stratigraphy and trilobite faunas of northwestern Hunan. Beringeria 2: 1-171.

Peng, S. C., 1992: Upper Cambrian biostratigraphy and trilobite faunas of Cili-Taoyuan area, northwestern Hunan, China. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaentologists 13: 1–119.

Peng, S. C., 2000a, Chapter 2. Cambrian of slope facies (of China). In Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, ed., Stratigraphical Stadies in China (1979-1999). Hefei: Anhui Science and Technology Publishing House, pp. 23-38. [In Chinese]

Peng, S. C., 2000b. A new chronostratigraphic subdivision of Cambrian for China. In G. F. Aceñolaza and S. Peralta, eds., Cambrian from Southern Edge, INSUGEO, miscelánea 6: 119–22.

Peng, S. C., 2003, Chronostratigraphic subdivision of the Cambrian of China. Geologica Acta 1 (1): 135-44.

Peng, S. C., 2008, Revision on Cambrian chronostratigraphy of South China and related remarks. Journal of Stratigraphy 32 (3): 239–45. [In Chinese]

Peng, S. C., 2009, The newly developed Cambrian biostratigraphic succession and chronostratigraphic scheme for South China. Chinese Science Bulletin 54:2691–2698.

Peng, S. C., and Babcock, L. E., 2001, Cambrian of the Hunan-Guizhou Region, South China. In S. C. Peng, L. E. Babcock, and M. Y. Zhu, eds., Cambrian System of South China. Palaeoworld, 13. Hefei: Press of University of Science and Technology of China. pp. 3–51.

Peng, S. C., and Babcock, L. E., 2005a, Towards a new global subdivision of the Cambrian System. Journal of Stratigraphy 29: 171-7, 204. [In Chinese]

Peng, S. C., and Babcock, L. E., 2005b, Two Cambrian agnostoid trilobites, Agnostotes orientalis (Kobayashi, 1935) and Lotagnostus americanus (Billings, 1860): key species for defining global stages of the Cambrian System. Geoscience Journal 9: 107–15.

Peng, S. C., and Babcock, L. E., 2008, Cambrian Period. In J. G. Ogg, G. Ogg, and F. M. Gradstein, eds., The Concise Geological Timescale. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 37–46.

Peng, S. C., and Babcock, L. E. 2011. Continued progress on chronostratigraphic subdivision of the Cambrian System. Bulletin of Geosciences 86(3): 1-6.

Peng, S. C., Babcock, L. E., and Cooper, R. A. 2012. The Cambrian System. In: Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G., and Ogg, G. (eds.), The Geologic Time Scale 2012. Elsevier, Boston, pp. 437-488.

Peng, S. C., Babcock, L. E., and Lin, H. L., 2004a, Polymerid trilobites from the Cambrian of northwestern Hunan, China. Volume 1. Corynexochida, Lichida, and Asaphida. Beijing: Science Press, 333 pp.

Peng, S. C., Babcock, L. E., Geyer, G., and Maczydlowska, M., 2006, Nomenclature of Cambrian epochs and series based on GSSPs —comments on an alternative proposal by Rowland and Hicks. Episodes 29: 130–2.

Peng, S. C., Babcock, L. E., Robison, R. A., Lin, H. L., Ress, M. N., and Saltzman, M. R., 2004b, Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point (GSSP) of the Furongian Series and Paibian Stage (Cambrian). Lethaia 37: 365–79.

Peng, S. C., Babcock, L. E., Zuo , J. X., Lin , H. L., Zhu, X. J., Yang, X. F., Qi, Y. P., Bagnoli, G., and Wang, L. W., 2009a, Proposed GSSP for the base of Cambrian Stage 9, coinciding with the first appearance of Agnostotes orientalis, at Duibian, Zhejiang, China. Science in China, Series D, Earth Science 52(4): 1–18.

Peng, S. C., Babcock, L. E., Zuo, J. X., Lin, H. L., Zhu, X. J., Yang, X. F., Qi, Y. P., Bagnoli, G., and Wang, L. W. 2012. Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Jiangshanian Stage (Cambrian: Furongian) at Duibian, Jiangshan, Zhejiang, Southeast China. Episodes 35(4): 1-16.

Peng S. C., Babcock, L.E., Zuo , J.X., Lin , H. L., Zhu, X. J., Yang, X. F., Robison, R. A., Qi, Y. P., Bagnoli, G., and Chen, Y., 2009b, The Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point of the Guzhangian Stage (Cambrian) in the Wuling Mountains, northwestern Hunan, China. Episodes 32: 41–55.

Peng, S. C., and R. A. Robison , 2000, Agnostoid biostratigraphy across the Middle-Upper Cambrian Boundary in China. Paleontological Society Memoir 53. Journal of Paleontology 74(4) (Supplement): 1–104.

Peng, S. C., Zhou, Z. Y., and Lin, T. R., 1998, Late Middle-late Upper Cambrian chronostratigraphy of China. In P. Alhberg, M. Eriksson, and I. Olsson, eds, IV Field Conference of the Cambrian Stage Subdivision Working Group, International Subcommission on Cambrian Stratigraphy, Abstracts. Lund: Lund University, p. 20.

Peng, S. C., Zhou, Z. Y., and Lin, T. R., 1999, A proposal of the Cambrian chronostratigraphic scale in China. Geosciences, 31 (2): 242. [In Chinese]

Peng, S. C., Yuan, J. L., and Zhao, Y. L., 2000b, Taijiangian Stage: a new chronostratigraphic unit for the traditional Lower Middle Cambrian in South China. Journal of Stratigraphy, 24: 56–7. [In Chinese]

Peng, S. C., Zhou, Z. Y., Lin, T., R., and Yuan, J. L., 2000a, Research on Cambrian chronostratigraphy: present and tendency. Journal of Stratigraphy, 24: 8–17. [In Chinese]

Pillola, G. L. 1991, Trilobites du Cambrien inférieur du SW de la Sardaigne, Italie. Palaeontographica Italica 78: 1–174.

Pillola,G. L., Gámez-Vintaned, J. A., Dabard, M. P., Leone, F., Liñán, E. & Chauvel, J.-J. 1994. The Lower Cambrian ichnospecies Astropolichnus hispanicus: palaeoenvironment and palaeogeographical significance. In Studies on Ecology and Palaeoecology of Benthic Communities (eds R. Matteucci, M. G. Carboni & J.S. Pignatti), pp. 253–267. Bolletino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, Spec. Vol. 2.

Pisarevsky, S., Gurevich, E., and Khramov, A. 1997, Paleomagnetism of the Lower Cambrian sediments from the Olenek River section (northern Siberia): paleopoles and the problem of the magnetic polarity in the Early Cambrian. Geophysics Journal International, 130: 746–56.

Pokrovskaya, N. V., 1954, Stratigraphy of the Cambrian sediments in the south of the Siberian Platform. In N. S. Shatsky, ed., Issue of Geology in Asia, v. 1. Moscow: Academy of Sciences Press of USSR, pp. 444–65.

Pratt, B. R., 1992, Trilobites of the Marjuman and Steptoean stages (Upper Cambrian), Rabbitkettle Formation, southern Mackenzie Mountains, northwest Canada. Palaeontographica Canadiana 9: 1–179.

Qian, Y., 1997, Hyolitha and some problematica from the Lower Cambrian Meishucun Stage in Central and SW China. Acata Palaeontologica Sinica 16: 255–78. [In Chinese]

Qian, Y., Chen, M. E., He, T. G., Zhu, M. Y., Yin, G. Z., Fen, W. M., Xu, J. T., Jiang, Z. W., Liu, D. Y., Li, G. X., Ding, L. F., Mao, Y. Q., and Xiao, B., 1999. Taxonomy and Biostratigraphy of Small Shelly Fossils in China. Beijing: Science Press, Beijing, 247 pp. [In Chinese]

Repina, L. N., Khomentovsky, V. V., Zhuravleva, I. T., and Rozanov, A. Yu., 1964, Lower Cambrian biostratigraphy of the Saya-Altay folded zone. Moscow: Nauka, 378 pp. [In Russian]

Ripperdan, R. L., 1992, The HERB Event: end of Cambrian carbon cycle paradigm? Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 34(6): 413.

Ripperdan, R. L. and Kirschvink, J. L., 1992. Paleomagnetic results from the Cambrian–Ordovician boundary section at Black Mountain, Georgina Basin, western Queensland, Australia. In B. D.Webby, and J. R. Laurie, eds., Global Perspectives on Ordovician Geology. Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, pp. 381–94.

Ripperdan, R. L., Magaritz, M., Nicoll, R. S., and Shergold, J. H., 1992, Simultaneous changes in carbon isotopes, sea level, and conodont biozones within the Cambrian–Ordovician boundary interval at Black Mountain, Australia. Geology 20: 1039–42.

Robison, R. A., 1976, Middle Cambrian trilobite biostratigraphy of the Great Basin. Brigham Young University Geology Studies 23: 93–109.

Robison, R. A., 1984, Cambrian Agnostida of North America and Greenland, part 1, Ptychagnostidae. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 109: 1–59.

Robison, R. A., 1994, Agnostoid trilobites from the Henson Gletscher and Kap Stanton formations (Middle Cambrian), North Greenland. Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Bulletin 169: 25–77.

Robison, R. A., 1999, Base of Ptychagnostus atavus Zone, candidate stratotype for base of unnamed international series. In A. R. Palmer, ed., Laurentia 99. V Field Conference of the Cambrian Stage Subdivision Working Group, International Subcommission on Cambrian Stratigraphy, Boulder (Colorado): Institute for Cambrian Studies, pp. 15–17.

Robison, R. A., and Babcock, L. E., 2011, Systematics, paleobiology, and taphonomy of some exceptionally preserved trilobites from Cambrian Lagerstätten of Utah. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions 5: 1-47

Robison, R. A., Rosova, A. V., Rowell, A. J., and Fletcher, T. P., 1977, Cambrian boundaries and divisions. Lethaia 10, 257–62.

Ross, R. J. Jr., Hintze, L. F., Ethington, R. L., Miller, J. F., Taylor, M. E., Repetski, J. E., Sprinkle, J., Guensburg, T. E., 1997, The Ibexian, lowermost series in the North American Ordovician. In M.E. Taylor, ed., Early Paleozoic Biochronology of the Great Basin, Western United States. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1579. pp. 1-50.

Rowell, A. J., Robison, R. A., and Strickland, D. K., 1982, Aspects of Cambrian agnostoid phylogeny and chronocorrelation. Journal of Paleontology 56: 161–82.

Rozanov, A. Yu., 1966, The problem of the lower boundary of the Cambrian. In B. M. Keller, ed., Results of Science, General Geology, Stratigraphy. Moscow: VINTTI Press. pp. 92–111. [In Russian]

Rozanov, A. Yu., 1967, The Cambrian lower boundary problem. Geological Magazine 104: 415–34.

Rozanov, A. Yu., 1973, Regularities of the morphological evolution of archaeocyaths and the issues of stage subdivision of Lower Cambrian. Transactions of Geological Institute, Academy of Sciences SSSR 241: 1-164. [In Russian]

Rozanov, A. Yu., and Missarzhevsky, V. V., 1966, Biostratigraphy and fauna of the Cambrian lower horizons. Transactions of Geological Institute, Academy of Sciences of USSR, 148: 1-127. [In Russian]

Rozanov, A. Yu., and Sokolov, B. S., eds., 1984, Lower Cambrian stage subdivision, Stratigraphy. Moscow: Nauka. 184 pp. [in Russian]

Rozanov, A. Yu., Khomentovsky, V. V., Shabanov, Yu. Ya, Karlova, G. A., Varlamov, A. I., Parkhaev, P., Korovnikov, I. V., and Skorlotova, N. A., 2008, To the problem of stage subdivision of the Lower Cambrian. Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation. 16(1): 3–21.

Rozanov, A. Yu., Missarzhevsky, V. V., Volkova, N. A., Voronova, L. G., Krylov, L. N., Keller, B. M., Korolyuk, I. K., Lendzion, K.,Michniak, R., Pykhova, I. G., and Sidorov, A. D., 1969, The Tommotian Stage and the problem of the lower boundary of the Cambrian. Transactions of Geological Institute, Academy of Sciences of USSR 206: 1–380. [In Russian; English translation: Raaben, eds. 1981. New Delhi: Amerind Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.]

Rozova, A. V., 1963, Biostratigraphic chart of the zonation of the Upper Cambrian and the terminal Middle Cambrian of the northwestern Siberian Platform and New Upper Cambrian trilobites from the Kulyumbe River. Geology and Geophysics 1963(9): 3–19. [In Russian]

Rozova, A. V., 1964, Biostratigraphy and Description of Trilobites from the Middle and Upper Cambrian of the Northwestern Siberian Platform. Moscow: Nauka. 148 pp. [In Russian]

Rozova, A. V., 1967, The Cambrian lower boundary problem. Geological Magazine 104: 415–34.

Rozova, A. V., 1968, Cambrian and Lower Ordovician of the Northwestern Siberian Platform. Moscow: Nauka. 196 pp. [in Russian]

Rozova, A. V., 1970, On the biostratigraphic charts of the Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician of the northwestern Siberian Platform. Geology and Geophysics 1970(5): 26–31. [in Russian]

Runnegar, B., 1982, The Cambrian explosion: animals or fossils? Journal of the Geological Society of Australia 29: 395–411.

Saltzman, M. R., Davidson, J. P., Holden, P., Runnegar, B., and Lohmann, K. C.,1995, Sea-level-driven changes in ocean chemistry at an upper Cambrian extinction horizon. Geology 23: 893–6.

Saltzman M. R., Ripperdan, R. L., Brasier, M. D., Lohmann, K. C., Robison, R. A., Chang, W. T., Peng, S. C., Ergaliev, G. Kh., and Runnegar, B., 2000, Global carbon isotope excursion (SPICE) during the Late Cambrian: relation to trilobite extinctions, organic-matter burial and sea level. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 162: 211–23.

Saltzman, M. R., Runnegar, B., and Lohmann, K.C., 1998, Carbon isotope stratigraphy of Upper Cambrian (Steptoean Stage) sequences of the eastern Great Basin: Record of a global oceanographic event. Geological Society of America Bulletin 110: 285–97.

Salvador, A. (ed.), 1994, International Stratigraphic Guide, 2nd Edition. International Union of Geological Sciences and the Geological Society of America, 214 pp.

Samson, S., Palmer, A. R., Robison, R. A., and Secor, D. T. Jr. 1990. Biogeographical significance of Cambrian trilobites from the Carolina slate belt. Geological Society of America Bulletin 102: 1459–1470.

Savitsky, V. E., 1962, Relationships between Upper Precambrian and Cambrian in the Anabar Shield. In Conference on Upper Precambrian Stratigraphy in Siberia and Far East. Novosibirsk: Institute of Geology and Geophysics, pp. 53–4.

Sawaki, Y., Ohno, T., Fukushi, Y., Komiya, T., Ishikawa, T., Hirata, T., and Maruyama, S., 2008, Sr isotope excursion across the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary in the Three Gorges area, South China. Gondwana Research 14: 134–147.

Schoene, B., Crowley, J. L., Condon, D. J., Schmitz, M. D., and Bowring, S. A., 2006. Reassessing the uranium decay constants for geochronology using ID-TIMS U–Pb data. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 70: 426–45.

Sdzuy, K. 1972, Das Kambrium der Acadobaltischen Faunenprovinz – Gegenwärtiger Kenntnisstand und Probleme. Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie (II), 1972: 1–91.

Sdzuy, K., Liñán, E. & Gozalo, R., 1999: The Leonian Stage (early Middle Cambrian): a unit for Cambrian correlation in the Mediterranean subprovince. Geological Magazine 136, 39-48. DOI:10.1017/S0016756899002241.

Secor, D. T., Jr., Samson, S. L., Snoke, A. W., and Palmer, A. R., 1983, Confirmation of the Carolina slate belt as an exotic terrane. Science 221: 649–50.

Sedgwick, A., 1852, On the classification and nomenclature of the Lower Palaeozoic rocks of England and Wales. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 8: 136-68.

Sedgwick, A. and Murchison, R. I., 1835, On the Silurian and Cambrian Systems, exhibiting the order in which the older sedimentary strata succeed each other in England and Wales. The London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science 7: 483–5.

Seilacher, A., and Pfluger, E., 1994, From biomats to benthic agriculture: a biohistoric revolution. In W. S. Krumbein, D. M. Paterson, and L. J. Stal, eds., Biostabilization of Sediments. Oldenberg (Germany): Bibliotheks und Informationsystem der Universität Oldenberg, pp. 97–105.

Shergold, J. H., 1969, Oryctocephalidae (Trilobita: Middle Cambrian) of Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources of Australia Bulletin 104: 1–66.

Shergold, J. H., 1972, Late Upper Cambrian trilobites from the Gola Beds, western Queensland. Bulletin of the Bureau of Mineral Resources of Australia 112: 1–126.

Shergold, J. H., 1975, Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician trilobites from the Burke River structural belt, western Queensland, Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources of Australia Bulletin 153, volume 1, 251 pp.

Shergold, J. H., 1980, Late Cambrian trilobites from the Chatsworth Limestone, western Queensland. Bulletin of the Bureau of Mineral Resources of Australia 186: 1–111.

Shergold, J. H., 1982, Idamean (Late Cambrian) trilobites, Burke River structural belt, western Queensland. Bulletin of the Bureau of Mineral Resources of Australia 187: 1–69.

Shergold, J. H., 1993, The Iverian, a proposed Late Cambrian stage, and its subdivision in the Burke River structural belt, western Queensland. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics 13: 345–58.

Shergold, J. H., 1995, Timescales 1. Cambrian. Australian Phanerozoic timescales, biostratigraphic charts and explanatory notes. Second series. Australian Geological Survey Organisation (Record 1995) 30: 1–32.

Shergold, J. H., 1996, Cambrian (Chart 1). In G. C. Young and J. R. Laurie, eds., An Australian Phanerozoic Timescale. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, pp. 63–76.

Shergold, J. H., 1997, Explanatory notes for the Cambrian correlation chart. In H. B. Whittington, B. D. E. Chatterton, S. E. Speyer, R. A., Fortey, R. M. Owens, W. T. Chang, W. T. Dean, P. A. Jell, J. R. Laurie, A. R. Palmer, L. N. Repina, A. W. A. Rushton, J. H. Shergold, E. N. K. Clarkson, N. V. Wilmot, and S. R. A. Kelly, Treatise on Invertebrate paleontology, Part O Arthropoda 1, Trilobita (Revised), (Volume 1) Introduction, Order Agnostida, Order Redlichiida.Boulder and Lawrence: Geological Society of America and University of Kansas, pp. 303–311.

Shergold, J. H., and Cooper, R. A., 2004, The Cambrian Period. In F. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A.G. Smith, eds., A Geologic Time Scale 2004. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 147–164.

Shergold, J. H., and Geyer, G., 2003. The Subcommission on Cambrian Stratigraphy: the status quo. Geologica Acta. 1: 5–9.

Shergold, J. H., and Nicoll, R. S., 1992, Revised Cambrian–Ordovician boundary biostratigraphy, Black Mountain, western Queensland. In B. D. Webby, and J. R. Laurie, eds., Global Perspectives on Ordovician Geology. Rotterdam: Balkema, pp. 81–92.

Shi, H., Huang, S. J.,Shen, L. C., and Zhang, M., 2003, Strontium isotope composition of the Cambrian Luojiaguo section in Xiushan, Chongqing and its stratigraphic significance. Journal of Stratigraphy 27: 71–76. [In Chinese]

Shu, D. G., Conway Morris, S., Han, J., Li, Y., Zhang, X. L., Hua, H., Zhang, Z. F., Liu, J. N., Guo, J. F., Yao, Y., and Yasui, K., 2006, Lower Cambrian vendobionts from China and early diploblast evolution. Science 312: 731–4.

Siveter, D. J., and Williams, M., 1995, An Early Cambrian assignment for the Caerfai Group of South Wales. Journal of the Geological Society 152: 221-224.

Southgate, P. N., and Shergold, J. H., 1991, Application of sequence stratigraphic concepts to Middle Cambrian phosphogenesis, Georgina Basin, Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics 12: 119–44.

Spizharsky, T. N., Ergaliev, G. Kh., Zhuravleva, I. T., Repina, L. N., and Rozanov, A. Yu., 1983, Stage scale of the Cambrian System. Soviet Geology 1983(8): 57–72.

Steiner, M, Li, G. X., Qian, Yi, Zhu, M. Y., and Erdtmann, B.-D., 2007, Neoproterozoic to early Cambrian small shelly fossil assemblages and a revised biostratigraphic correlation of the Yangtze Platform (China). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 254: 67–99.

Stitt, J. H., 1975, Adaptive radiation, trilobite paleoecology and extinction, Ptychaspidid Biomere, Late Cambrian of Oklahoma. Fossils and Strata 4: 381–90.

Stubblefield, G. J., 1956, Cambrian palaeogeography in Britian. In El Sistema Cámbrico, su Paleogeografiá y el Problema de su Base. XX International Geological Congress, 1. Mexico City, pp. 1–43.

Sundberg, F. A., 1990, Morphological Diversification of Ptychopariid Trilobites in the Marjumiid Biomere (Middle to Upper Cambrian). Ph.D. dissertation, Blacksburg: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 674 pp.

Sundberg, F. A., 1994, Corynexochida and Ptychopariida (Trilobita, Arthropoda) of the Ehmaniella Biozone (Middle Cambrian), Utah and Nevada. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Contributions in Science 446: 1–137.

Sundberg, F. A., 2005, The Topazan Stage, a new Laurentian stage (Lincolnian Series — “Middle” Cambrian). Journal of Paleontology 79: 63–71.

Sundberg, F. A., and McCollum, L. B., 1997. Oryctocephalids (Corynexochida: Trilobita) of the Lower-Middle Cambrian boundary interval from California and Nevada. Journal of Paleontology 71: 1065–90.

Suvorova, N. P., 1954, On the Lenian Stage of the Lower Cambrian in Yakutia. In N. S. Shatsky, ed., Problem of the Geology of Asia 1. Moscow: Academy of Sciences Press of USSR, pp. 466–83. [In Russian]

Taylor, J. F., 1997, Upper Cambrian biomeres and stages, two distinctly different and equally vital stratigraphic units. Abstracts with Program. In 2nd International Trilobite Conference, August 1997, St. Catharines, Ontario, p. 47.

Taylor, J. F., 2006, History and status of the biomere concept. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 32: 247–65.

Terfelt, F., and Ahlberg, P. 2010. Pseudoagnostus rugosus Ergaliev, 1980: a key agnostoid species for intercontinental correlation of upper Furongian (Cambrian) strata. Geological Magazine 147: 789-796.

Terfelt, F., Eriksson, M. E., Ahlberg, P., and Babcock, L. E., 2008. Furongian (Cambrian) biostratigraphy of Scandinavia – a revision. Norwegian Journal of Geology 88: 73-87.

Terfelt, F., Ahlberg, P., and Eriksson, M. E., 2011. Complete record of Furongian polymerid trilobites and agnostoids of Scandinavia – a biostratigraphical scheme. Lethaia 44: 8-14.

Trench, A., 1996, Magnetostratigraphy: Cambrian to Silurian. In G. C. Young, and J. R. Laurie, eds., An Australian Phanerozoic Timescale. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, pp. 23–9.

Tucker, R. D., and McKerrow, W. S., 1995, Early Paleozoic chronology: a review in light of new U–Pb zircon ages from Newfoundland and Britain. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 32: 368–79.

Valledares,M. I., Ugidos, J. M., Barba, P., Fallick, A. E., and Ellam, R. M., 2006, Oxygen, carbon and strontium isotope records of Ediacaran carbonates in central Iberia (Spain). Precambrian Research 147: 354–65.

Varlamov, A. I., Rozova, A. V., Khamentovsky, Yu. Ya., et al., 2008a, The Zhurinsky Mys section. In Rozanov, A. Yu., and Varlamov, A. I. , eds, The Cambrian System of the Siberian Platform. Part 1: The Aldan-Lena Region. XIII International Field Conference of the Cambrian Stage Subdivision Working Group. Moscow and Novosibirsk: Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, pp. 71–92.

Varlamov, A. I., Rozova, A. V., Khamentovsky, Yu. Ya., et al., 2008b. Introduction. In Rozanov, A. Yu., and Varlamov, A. I. , eds, The Cambrian System of the Siberian Platform. Part 1: The Aldan-Lena Region. XIII International Field Conference of the Cambrian Stage Subdivision Working Group. Moscow and Novosibirsk: Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, pp. 6–11.

Varlamov, A. I., and Rozova, A. V., 2009. New Upper Cambrian (Evenyiskie) Regional Stage of Siberia. In A. C. Efimov (chief editor), A. I. Varlamov, A. A. Gert, et al., eds., New Data on Lower Palaeozoic Stratigraphy and Palaeontologyof Siberia. Novosibirsk: SNIIGGiMS, pp. 3–61.

Varlamov, A. I., Pak, K. L., and Rosova, A. V., 2005, The Upper Cambrian of the Chopko River Section, Norilsk Region, Northwestern Siberian Platform: Stratigraphy and Trilobites. Novosibirsk: Nauka. 84 pp. [In Russian; English edition: Paleontological Journal 40 (Supplement 1): 1–56]

Walcott, C.D., 1889a, Stratigraphic position of the Olenellus fauna in North America and Europe. American Journal of Science 37: 374–392.

Walcott, C.D., 1889b, Stratigraphic position of the Olenellus fauna in North America and Europe (continued). American Journal of Science 38: 29–42.

Walcott, C.D., 1890a, The fauna of the Lower Cambrian or Olenellus Zone. In Tenth Annual Report of the Director, 1888-1889, United States Geological Survey, Part 1, pp. 509-774.

Walcott, C.D., 1890b, Descriptive notes on new genera and species from the Lower Cambrian or Olenellus Zone of North America. Proceedings of U.S. National Museum 12 (for 1889): 33–46.

Walter, M. R., Elphinstone, R., and Heys, G. R., 1989, Proterozoic and Early Cambrian trace fossils from the Amadeus and Georgina Basins, central Australia. Alcheringa 13: 209–56.

Webster, M., In press, Upper Dyeran trilobite biostratigraphy in the southern Great Basin, U.S.A. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin.

Westergård, A. H. 1922, Sveriges Olenidskiffer. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Ca18: 1– 205.

Westergård, A. H. 1946. Agnostidea of the Middle Cambrian of Sweden. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning C477: 1–141.

Westergård, A. H. 1947, Supplementary notes on the Upper Cambrian trilobites of Sweden. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning C 489: 1–34.

Westrop, S. R., 1986, Trilobites of the Upper Cambrian Sunwaptan Stage, southern Canadian Rocky Mountains, Alberta. Palaeontographica Canadiana 3: 1–179.

Westrop, S. R., 1995, Sunwaptan and Ibexian (Upper Cambrian–Lower Ordovician) trilobites of the Rabbitkettle Formation, Mountain River region, northern Mackenzie Mountains, northwest Canada. Palaeontographica Canadiana 12: 1–75.

Wheeler, H. E., 1947, Base of the Cambrian System. Journal of Geology 55: 153–9.

Whitehouse, F. W. 1936, The Cambrian faunas of northeastern Australia. Parts 1 and 2. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 11: 59–112.

Whittington, H. B., 1977, The Middle Cambrian trilobite Naraoia, Burgess Shale, British Columbia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (London) B 280: 409–443.

Wotte, T. Álvaro, J. J., Shields, G. A., Brown, B., Brasier, M. D., and Veizer J., 2007, C-, O- and Sr-isotope stratigraphy across the Lower–Middle Cambrian transition of the Cantabrian Zone (Spain) and the Montagne Noire (France), West Gondwana. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 256: 47–70.

Xiang, L. W., and Zhang, T. R., 1985, Stratigraphy and trilobite faunas of the Cambrian in the western part of northern Tianshan, Xinjiang. Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources, Geological Memoirs (series 2) 4: 1–243.

Xing, Y. S., Luo, H. L., Jiang, Z. W., and Zhang, S. S., 1991 , A candidate Global Stratotype Section and Point for the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary at Meishucun, Yunnan, China. Journal of China University of Geosciences 2(1): 47–57.

Yang , A. H., Zhu, M. Y., Debrenne, F., Yuan, K. X., Vannier, J., Zhang, J. M., and Li, G. X., 2005, Early Cambrian archaeocyathan zonation of the Yangtze Platform and biostratigraphic implications. Acta Macropalaeontologica Sinica, 22(Supplement): 205–10.

Yao, L., Peng, J., Fu, X. P., and Zhao, Y. L., 2009, Ontogenesis of Tuzoia bispinosa (Arthropoda) from the Middle Cambrian Kaili biota, Guizhou, China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 48: 56–64. [In Chinese]

Yang, Z.Y., Otofuji, Y., Sun, Z. M., and Huang, B. C., 2002, Magnetostratigraphic constraints on the Gondwanan origin of North China: Cambrian/Ordovician boundary results. Geophysical Journal International 151: 1–10.

Yin, J. Y., 2002, Chapter 6, Research of Palaeomagenetism. In Chen, L. X., Luo, H. L., Hu S. X., et al., Early Cambrian Chengjiang Fauna in eastern Yunnan, China. Yunnan Science and Technology Press, pp. 98–113. [In Chinese]

Young, G. C. and Laurie, J. R., 1996, An Australian Phanerozoic Timescale. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 279 pp.

Yuan, J. L., Zhao, Y. L., Li, Y., and Huang, Y. Z., 2002, Trilobite Fauna of the Kaili Formation (Uppermost Lower Cambrian–Lower Middle Cambrian) from Southeastern Guizhou, South China. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 422 pp. [In Chinese]

Zang, W.-L., Moczydlowka, M. and Jago, J.B. , 2007. Early Cambrian acritarch Assemblage Zones in South Australia and global correlation. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 33: 141–177.

Zhang, J. M., Li, G. X., Zhou, C. M., Zhu, M. Y., and Yu, Z. Y., 1997. Carbon isotope profiles and their correlation across the Neoproterozoic- Cambrian boundary interval on the Yangtze Platform, China. Bulletin of National Museum of Natural Sciences 10: 107–16.

Zhang, W. T., 1987, World’s oldest Cambrian trilobites from eastern Yunnan. In Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, ed., Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Systemic Boundaries in China. Precambrian-Cambrian Boundary (1). Nanjing: Nanjing University Publishing House, pp. 1–16.

Zhang, W. T., Yuan, K. X., Zhou, Z. Y., Qian, Y., and Wang Z. Z., 1979, Cambrian of southwestern China. In Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, ed., Carbonate Biostratigraphy of Southwest China. Beijing: Science Press, pp. 39–107. [In Chinese]

Zhao, J. L., Peng, J., Yuan, J. L., Babcock, L. E., Guo, Q. J., Yin, L. M., Yang, X. L., Tai, T. S., Wang, C. J., Lin, J. P., Gaines, R. R., Sun, H. J., and Yang, Y. N. 2012. Discussion of candidate stratotypes for the GSSP defining the conterminous base of Cambrian provisional Series 3 and Stage 5. Journal of Guizhou University (Natural Science) 29, Supplement 1: 35-48.

Zhao, Y. L. Yang, R. D., Yuan, J. L., Zhu, M. Y., Guo, Q. J., Yang, X. L., and Tai, T. S., 2001. Cambrian stratigraphy at Balang, Guizhou Province, China: Candidate section for a global unnamed series and stratotype section for the Taijiangian Stage. Palaeoword 13: 189-208.

Zhao, Y. L., Yuan, J. L., Zhu, M. Y., Babcock, L. E., Peng, J., Wang, Y., Yang, X. L., Guo, Q. J., Yang, R. D., and Tai, T. S., 2005, Balang section, Guizhou, China: stratotype section for the Taijiangian Stage and candidate for GSSP of an unnamed Cambrian series. In. S. C. Peng, L. E. Babcock, and M.Y. Zhu, eds, Cambrian System of China and Korea, Guide to Field Excursions. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China Press, pp. 62–83.

Zhao, Y. L., Yuan, J. L., Zhu, M. Y., Yang, R. D., Guo, Q. J., Peng, J., and Yang, X. L., 2002, Progress and significance in research on the early Middle Cambrian Kaili biota, Guizhou Province, China. Progress in Natural Science 12: 649–54.

Zhao, Y. L., Zhu, M. Y., Peng, J., Yuan, J. L., Parsley, R. L., Babcock, L. E., Yang, R. D., Yin, L. M., Yang, X. L., Lin, J. P., Sun, H. J., and Tai, T. S. 2012. The Kaili Biota – an informal review commemorating the 30th anniversary of its discovery. Journal of Guizhou University (Natural Science) 29, Supplement 1: 1-9.

Zhen, Y. Y., and Zhou, Z. Y., 2008, History of trilobite biodiversity: a Chinese perspective. In Zhou Z. Y. and Zhen Y. Y., eds., Trilobite Record of China. Beijing: Science Press, pp. 301–330.

Zhou, Z. Q., Cao, X. D., Hu, Y. X., and Zhao, J. T., 1996. Early Palaeozoic stratigraphy and sedimentary-tectonic evolution in eastern Qilian Mountains, China. Northwest Geosciences 17(1): 1–58. [In Chinese]

Zhu, M. Y., Babcock, L. E., and Peng, S. C., 2006, Advances in Cambrian stratigraphy and paleontology: integrating correlation techniques, paleobiology, taphonomy and paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Palaeoworld 15: 217–22.

Zhu, M. Y., Li, G. X., Zhang, J. M., Steiner, M., Qian, Y., and Jiang, Z. W., 2001, Early Cambrian stratigraphy of east Yunnan, southwestern China: a synthesis. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 40 (Supplement): 4–39.

Zhu, M.Y., Zhang, J. M., Li, G. X., and Yang, A. H., 2004. Evolution of C isotopes in the Cambrian of China: implications for Cambrian subdivision and trilobite mass extinctions. Geobios 37: 287–310.

Zhuravlev, A. Yu., 1995, Preliminary suggestions on the global Early Cambrian zonation. In E. Landing, and G. Geyer, eds., Morocco ‘95: The Lower–Middle Cambrian Standard of Western Gondwana. Beringeria, Special Issue 2. Wuerzburg: Freunde der Würzburger Geowissenschaften, pp. 147–60.

Zhuravlev, A. Yu., and Gravestock, D. I., 1994, Archaeocyaths from Yorke Peninsula, South Australia and archaeocyathan Early Cambrian zonation. Alcheringa 18: 1–54.

Zhuravlev, A. Yu., and Repina, L. N., eds., 1990. Guidebook for Excursion on the Aldan and Lena Rivers, Siberian Platform. Novosibirsk: Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of Academy of Sciences of USSR, 115 pp.

Zhuravlev, A. Yu., and Riding, R., 2001, The Ecology of the Cambrian Radiation, Perspectives in Paleobiology and Earth History, Vol. 7. New York: Columbia University Press, 525 pp.

Zhuravleva, I. T., Korshunov, V. I., and Rozanov, A. Yu, 1969, Atdabanian Stage and its archaeocyathan basis in the stratotype section. In I. T. Zhuravleva, ed., Lower Cambrian Biostratigraphy and Palaeontology of Siberia and Far East. Moscow: Nauka, pp. 5–59.